KY-2000
您好!凯旋门男装的羽绒服大概在两千元左右的价位。
ky2000射频
学习古筝要先有浓厚的兴趣,兴趣是最好的教师,没有兴趣学什么都提不起精力,只会浪费时间。因而学古筝必定要本人发自内心的喜爱,那样才能学得更好。
了解古筝
古筝又名汉筝、秦筝、瑶筝、鸾筝,是中国汉民族传统乐器中的筝乐器,属于弹拨乐器。它是中国独特的、重要的民族乐器之一。它的音色优美,音域宽广、演奏技巧丰富,具有相当强的表现力,因此它深受广大人民群众的喜爱。
古筝的种类
古筝分低档古筝、中档古筝、高档古筝三种。
一、低档古筝是由普通木板做出框架,做工较粗躁,以花梨酸枝木贴皮,这种古筝声音较闷,弹不出古筝的韵味儿。
二、中档古筝琴是由花梨木酸枝木胡桃木做古筝的琴头琴尾,以及侧板,面板采用泡桐木,这种琴做工规范,弹出了古筝的韵味,但和中高档琴比音色要逊色很多。
中高档古筝是采用黑檀木老红木做古筝的琴头琴尾,以及侧板,面板采用泡桐木,这种材料做出的古筝音色清脆,韵味渐浓。
三、高档古筝做工严谨,选料精细,采用紫檀木血檀(雪檀)木做古筝的琴头琴尾,以及侧板,面板采用优质泡桐木。
近年雪檀已尽绝迹,紫檀也越来越少,这种材料做出的古筝音色纯正,颗粒性强,琴声韵味十足,余音较长,即余音绕梁乃三日不绝。
古筝分南北吗?
因为北方气候干燥,古筝使用中容易开裂,所以就流传出南筝、北筝的说法。
其实古筝是不分南北筝的,有些商家就是抓住了“古筝开裂”这一痛点,推出了南北筝这一概念。
古筝是不分南北的,也就是不分南北用琴。古筝核心面板都是泡桐木,泡桐木产自河南兰考,如果将河南产的面板拿回上海加工就成了南方古筝,拿回西安加工就成了北方古筝,这显然是说不通的。买古筝时最重要的是买适合自己的筝,且注意对其保养就行。
古筝琴弦
古筝是中国古老的民族乐器,距今已有两千五百多年的历史。
标准古筝有21根弦。从最细的弦到最粗的弦,依次编号为1~21。
最初的古筝,只有5根弦。经秦国著名将蒙恬改造后,古筝发展到12弦。在当时的历史条件下,应该说是对古筝成功的改革。12弦古筝延续使用了数百年,直到唐朝后期才出现了13弦古筝。
随着时代的发展,古筝的弦数也越来越多,音域也越来越宽。出现了16弦、18弦、19弦、21弦、23弦、25弦等,直到今天,发展成为通用的21弦。
筝身长1.63米的21弦古筝,被称为标准筝。筝弦,也由过去的丝,动物筋等生物性材料制作,改为现在的钢丝弦和尼龙缠弦。
随着筝弦的增加,筝的体积也在增大。发展到今天,已成为一种古朴典雅的民族乐器。
古筝基础知识
古筝的定义:弹拨弦鸣乐器。
一共有 21 根琴弦,包含 17 根弦和 4 根绿弦
1、琴弦:现多用尼龙缠弦,以不同型号的钢丝外面缠以尼龙丝制成的。
2、琴码(又称:雁柱):支撑琴弦,琴码的右侧为演奏区域,左侧为左手补韵的装饰音区域。
3、岳山:分为前岳山,后岳山,分别镶嵌在琴面板的首部和尾部。
4、面板:琴面略有弧度的木板。
5、调弦盒:内有弦轴,用于调音;琴盒内可以放指甲,琴扳手等物件。
认识SOL
认识简谱
简谱:简谱中用以表示音的高低及相互关系的基本符号为七个阿拉伯数字,即1、2、3、4、5、6、7,唱作do、re、mi、fa、sol、la、xi,称为唱名。
唱名:do re mi fa sol la xi
音名:C D E F G A B 这个就是用来记固定音高的符号。
在简谱中表达高低音一般会在上下两个方向添加小圆点。
中音是1234567那么低音表达就是在这些数字现面加一个小圆点,高音就是在数字上面加一点,上面加二个点为倍高音,加三个点为超高音。反之下面亦如此为倍低音、超低音等以此类推。
除了音的高低外,简谱还有一个重要的因素就是音的长短,简谱音的长短有多种表达方式,如基本的加小横线的方式。
如果还不太懂的朋友,可以看看古筝简谱入门课程,介绍的非常详细:https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1xE411x7Wh/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click
五声调音
古筝采用的是五声音节,由这五个音构成的调式是五声调式。所以古筝琴弦上没有4(fa)和7(si)。
琴弦排列分组
筝架和姿势
弹筝的姿势有多种,一般采用坐式,要求坐姿端正,精神饱满、动作自然。古代采用过盘式、跪式。
由于流派的不同,筝的放置位置、筝架、琴凳也不同。
有的用琴桌式筝架,有的用类似人字形的筝架,还有的就放在腿上演奏。
采用琴桌式筝架比较稳因、牢靠,琴桌的面板有助于筝的共鸣。琴桌的大小应适当,恰好放稳筝的四个角;筝与琴桌之间有一定的空隙,以便于出音;琴桌的高低适合放腿为宜。此外,琴桌的造型应美观大方。
如采用类似人字形折叠筝架,应注意筝体能放置平稳,避免演奏中摇晃。
如采用小筝放在腿上演奏,小筝筝头底部应加筝托,以防止上身过前倾,腿部不要挡住出音孔,琴凳不要过高,筝尾支架的高度应与琴凳高度相当或略高。琴凳离筝体要近,尤其弹奏宽大的、弦数多的筝,一般身体前侧距筝体大约有6厘米至10厘米,应坐在靠近前岳山的位置上,坐的高低位置,应以方便演奏,便充分发挥技巧为原则。身体离琴过远,将使右手演奏困难,影响对触弦的控制;离琴过近,左手按弦困难,右手拨弦不方便;坐的位置过高时,上身容易前倾;坐的位置过低时,容易紧张。
弹筝的姿势,一般采用坐式,演奏者坐的姿势应该是:两腿自然分开,上身端正,两臂和双手松弛而自然抬起,精神饱满,态度自然。在演奏时既不要驼背也不要过分挺胸;既不要拘紧,也不要松垮。切忌摇头晃脑、脚打拍子等坏毛病。
正确的演奏姿势是:右脚蹬在固定筝架的踏板上,头部略俯视,双手按乐曲开头的指法自然伸出,做好弹奏准备。
如何选择古筝
古筝的统一规格为:1.63米,21弦。一台古筝的音质取决于面板和琴弦,面板以阳面中段为最佳,阳面是指整株桐木置于水中,露出水面的一面为阳面,去头斩尾为中段,一般以9-12年树龄的桐木为最佳,尤以河南兰考的桐木为最佳,沙土地,木质疏松,利于音质的传导。
初学者在购买古筝的时候一般不知道如何选择,市场上售卖的有练习筝、演奏古筝两种。
练习筝的制作较为简单,一般都是不包边的,而演奏筝的工艺更复杂,也更精美。 同时,会因为木头的品质,和穿弦孔的工艺不同而导致音色和手感的不同。
演出筝对音色的要求更严格,音色要亮,所以价格一般比练习筝的价格贵。
古筝的结构说简单也简单,但是要让这简单的结构发出美妙的音乐就是技术活了。决定音色品质重要的部分是面板的等级,其次筝码、整体做工、制作工艺等,边板材质起到装饰古筝的作用,不建议作为选筝的重点。
古筝作为乐器其音色品质才是其价值的体现,而价值也是决定价格的原因,这也就是为什么古筝的价格会有如此大的差异。
我们选购古筝的时候首先要考虑古筝的音色问题,购买音色较好的古筝,如果是作为古筝学习者,练习筝也不要买太次的,那会影响自己的听力,和审美标准。
学习古筝
学戴义甲
大指:将义甲戴在指肚上,向指尖左上方斜出45度佩戴
食指、中指:将义甲戴在指肚上,顺指甲生长方向直戴
注意:佩戴时义甲不要挡住手指的关节;胶布的一半应覆盖在自己本身的指甲上。
选择指甲
古筝指甲首先要选择合适自身手指的长度,选择的指甲要和自己的手指第一节的长度相匹配,通常都是选择中号。指甲面选择宽点、上方尖点,不需要太厚的指甲面。古筝指甲材质很多,有塑料、树脂、玳瑁的,三种材质对比,玳瑁的比其它两种的好,对琴弦没有多大的磨损,但价格比较贵,塑料和树脂对琴弦的磨损就比较严重。
挑选玳瑁方法
1、强光照射法:把玳瑁放在太阳底下或者电筒光下投射,如果看见花纹、透明血丝状在甲片里,就是真品。伪劣产品呈现的血丝在甲面上是片状的,还有斑纹呆板或者团块状。
2、燃烧法:刮一点点的指甲点燃,或者用加热的针触碰指甲面,真品就会散发出烧焦头发的味道,伪劣产品是散发其它的味道,比如樟脑的味道、塑胶的味道、醋味等。
分辨琴弦
古筝的琴弦有21根弦,共有两种颜色,白色琴弦、绿色(或红色)琴弦。
绿色(或红色)琴弦都唱“5”(sol),共有四根绿色(或红色)琴弦,有粗有细,由细到粗,分别代表
高音5;中音5;低音5;倍低音5
第一根到第五根琴弦为倍低音,表示方法是在1、2、3、5、6下面加两个点;接下来五根弦是低音,在1、2、3、5、6,下面点一个点;在后面五根弦是中音区,1、2、3、5、6。接下来是高音区,五根弦1、2、3、5、6上方加一个点;最后一根为倍高音do,1上面加两个点。
练习古筝步骤
弹古筝,首先要保持正确的姿势。两只手的食指、中指、大指依次配戴好指甲,你可以买两卷医用胶带,一卷放手上保持手背的平直,另一卷用来配戴指甲。
眼睛平视乐谱,身体坐好,接下来开始古筝的练习。
佩戴指甲
弹奏古筝之前先要佩戴好指甲,指甲的大小应和手指第一关节差不多,戴在第一关节往上一点,胶布缠在第一关节中间,不要影响关节活动处,大指缠带方法与其他指不同,假指甲向内与指尖呈45度角,左右相对。
熟悉古筝音阶
音乐的七个基本音阶1(do)2(re)3(mi)4(fa)5(sol)6(la)7(si),古筝是五声音阶,没有4和7,只有1、2、3、5、6。
练习古筝指法
古筝演奏中常用到指法:勾、托、抹、劈、剔、挑、提、花指、摇指、琶音、泛音、按音、揉音、大撮、小撮、颤音、滑音等。
托-大拇指向外弹弦。
劈-大拇指向里弹弦。
抹-食指向里弹弦。
挑-食指向外弹弦。
勾-中指向里弹弦。
剔-中指向外弹弦。
提-无名指向里弹弦。
连托-大拇指向外连续弹弦。
连抹-食指向外连续弹弦。
大撮-大拇指向外,中指向里同时弹两弦。
小撮-大拇指向外,食指向里同时弹两弦。
双托-大拇指同时向外弹奏邻近的两弦。
双抹-食指同时向外弹奏邻近的两弦。
八度双托-大拇指向外弹奏邻近的两弦,同时中指在低八度另一音,三阴同时奏响。
摇指-大拇指连续托劈。
琶音-左手或右手用三个或四个手指按顺序弹奏不同的音。
泛音-左手食指在发音弦1/2处轻贴弦,右手弹弦发音。
花指-大拇指迅速连托数弦。
向上刮奏-在筝弦上由低音向高音的划奏。
向下刮奏-在筝弦上由高音向低音的划奏。
揉音或颤音-根据音乐的不同风格分类,是揉音类的,揉动较平和;是颤音类的,音波较密,也较有地方风格。
重颤音-用力较重的颤音。
按音-在弦上按出的音。
上滑音-右手弹弦后,左手按弦,使音由低向高滑动。
下滑音-左手先按弦,右手弹奏后逐渐松弦。
回滑音-右手弹弦之后,左手按弦使音由低向高又有高向低滑动数次。
左手点音-左手马子左侧先轻点或轻轻快速下滑。
下图是古筝指法符号对照表,在看古筝简谱的时候可以用到。
古筝的指法教程视频:
初学古筝的指法口诀:https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Et411v7pq/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click
勾、托、抹、托指法:https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1JT4y1N7nx/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click
古筝指法抹、打:https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Di4y1174c/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click
古筝指法大撮:https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Mi4y127Tt/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click
练习曲子
曲子是一句一句,一段一段地练习的,练得多了自然就记住了,然后可以脱离琴谱练习。
代表曲目
古筝十大代表名曲有《渔舟唱晚》、《高山流水》、《寒鸦戏水》、《汉宫秋月》、《蕉窗夜雨》、《林冲夜奔》、《侗族舞曲》、《东海渔歌》、《香山射鼓》、《战台风》。
《渔舟唱晚》是传统的古筝独奏名曲。一般以为此曲是娄树华在20世纪三十年代中期,根据古曲《归去来辞》的素材改编而成。取自唐朝诗人王勃的名篇《滕玉阁序》中的佳名:“渔舟唱晚,响穷彭蠡之滨”。
《高山流水》,为中国十大古曲之一。此曲最早见于我国现存最早的琴曲集《神奇秘谱》。乐曲取中国古代著名的音乐故事“伯牙摔琴谢知音”为题材,表现一种“巍巍乎若高山,洋洋乎若江海”的境界。
《寒鸦戏水》寒鸦又名鸥鸟,这是一首有名的潮州筝曲,是潮洲弦诗《软套》十大曲中最富诗意的一首。
老师指导
学习古筝需要有一个好老师指导,古筝作为一种并不那么容易学成的乐器,单靠自学是很困难的,因此需要找一个好老师。专业的好老师保证你能学到规范的指法、技巧和乐曲处理,不至于走弯路。
业余爱好者自学时,虽然有入门教材的辅导,但是自学难免会遇到许多不懂的地方,这时候就需要专业的老师进行解答了。其实刚开始的时候可以看视频资源、与许多古筝专业者或爱好者交流,不懂时还可以提出问题,这样总比自己一个人探索有用得多。
古筝是一门入门容易精通难的乐器,尤其是业余爱好者没有人监督,就更容易放弃,所以坚持才能成功。
选择古筝老师需要注意以下几点:
1、口碑;
大家选择古筝老师的时候还是要非常注重口碑的,如果身边有周围的朋友在学习古筝,我们不妨参考一下朋友的意见,老师的口碑如果好了,一般教学质量都挺不错的。
2、要去试听课;
古筝课都是可以提前试听的,我们可以参加基础的试听课程,如果你认为老师讲的可以很轻易的听得懂,而且讲的有非常详细,老师人也比较好,那么就可以考虑选择这个老师。
3、学历;
老师的学历也是比较重要的,我们在选择老师的时候我可以咨询一下老师是哪里毕业的,如果老师是正规的音乐学校毕业的,那么他学习的知识会更加系统,在教我们的时候条理会特别清楚。
4、专业性。
学习古筝还是非常需要老师的专业性的,老师水平比较高,比较专业,那么我们的学习质量也会更加的高。
自学选择教材
1、《古筝基础教程》
这本书分为古筝入门、古筝技法、古筝曲三个部分,是结合理论和实际的基础教材。
2、《古筝入门》
这本书介绍古筝由易到难,循序渐进,介绍的比较详细,里面附带很多筝曲。
3、《从零起步学古筝》
遵循从易及难的原则,从古筝最基本的指法讲起,每种指法配以相应的练习曲和乐曲。
我们学习的时候先学习基础知识,理论知识学会后可以在网上多看些古筝的教程,特别的视频教程,可以在哔哩哔哩上选择适合自己的配合教材学习。
不过刚开始学习还是不建议自学,毕竟我们对古筝琴音没用正确的认知,非常容易走入误区,只有在老师的带领下,感受到老师正确的琴音,才能慢慢培养认知,这个是教材和视频代替不了的。
古筝考级
古筝考级分为1-10级,其中1-4级为初级,5-7级为中级,8-10级为高级,高级需要加考乐理。
按有关规定,古筝考级一般是从一级到十级,由低到高逐级考评,但由于考级工作一般都是每年进行一次,而学古筝的每个人学习情况不同,因此可跳级报考,如果古筝学习的比较好,可以直接报考六级考试。
六级考试属于中等偏上的等级考试,考试相对简单,7级开始考试难度会增加很多。
所以刚开始考级的时候建议选择古筝六级考试,下面给大家介绍一些六级考试曲目。
古筝六级曲目有哪些
古筝考级六级曲目一般包括《高山流水》、《柳青娘》 、《出水莲》、《崖山哀》、《庆丰年》 、《闹元宵》 、《山丹丹开花红艳艳》等,根据考级版本不同可能略有区别,例如有音协考级、中央音乐学院考级、民族管弦学会考级等, 每个版本曲目和练习曲要求都不同。
考级的时候需要演奏两首同一级别的曲目,六级曲目中高山流水、庆丰年 、出水莲为必选曲目。六级考试的要求是加强各种音色变化、控制力的训练,并进行一些特殊定弦乐曲的练习,演奏上必须按照其指法特点,应强调力度与音色的对比、演奏的投入及较好的音乐表现力。
调音器怎么用
古筝和吉他、钢琴等乐器一样都是需要调音的,最简单的方法就是使用调音器进行调音,具体的方法如下:
1、首先把调音器的电池装好,长按中间的开关打开调音器。
2、按开关键把屏幕左下角的字换成“自动”,按“M/T”键把屏幕右下角的字换成“古筝D”。
3、按上三角符号和下三角符号把左上角的数字换成“=440”。
4、把夹子夹到要调的那根弦的附近,这样更能使调音器取到音。
5、用古筝指甲拨要调的那根弦,看调音器屏幕上的数字,如果显示的数字比调的弦大,就说明太松了,如果数字比调的弦小,就说明太紧了,用调音扳手重新调整。
6、当屏幕上的数值是所调的弦的数值,还要看调音器最上端的三个指示灯,如果左边的红灯亮了,就说明有点偏紧了,如果右边的红灯亮了,就说明有点偏松了,如果绿灯亮,就说明这条弦已经调好。
日常保养方法
一般情况下,相对湿度在50%-70%之间的空间内使用古筝对筝的振动和发音都比较有利,湿度低于50%容易引发筝体表面及底板开裂,而湿度高于70%则易使面板吸潮,导致声音发闷、余音减短、音色发暗。
1、古筝在使用时应轻拿轻放,避免碰撞或剧烈震动。
2、若在北方地区使用古筝,在琴下放一盆水,增加空气湿度,防止开裂。冬季时古筝不能靠近散热的暖气片,以免出现曝烈或变形的情况。
3、古筝使用后可用干软布拭去琴弦上的汗渍,以防琴弦生锈,不用时要以筝罩盖好;
4、古筝应经常使用,这有利于琴弦张力的稳定,也鞥促进音色;
5、一旦发现琴音不准时应及时调音;
6、长时间不用古筝,只要防潮、防晒、防灰即可,不可将其放在地上或挂在潮湿的墙上。湿气较重时,将古筝放入盒内,并在盒内放入干燥剂。
%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"学习古筝要先有浓厚的兴趣,兴趣是最好的教师,没有兴趣学什么都提不起精力,只会浪费时间。因而学古筝必定要本人发自内心的喜爱,那样才能学得更好。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TUqcdKWOMoQ2MCxk7b5cyYGynZd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"了解古筝","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Js2Sde2sEoaOI2xSSx9cDN52nxe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"古筝又名汉筝、秦筝、瑶筝、鸾筝,是中国汉民族传统乐器中的筝乐器,属于弹拨乐器。它是中国独特的、重要的民族乐器之一。它的音色优美,音域宽广、演奏技巧丰富,具有相当强的表现力,因此它深受广大人民群众的喜爱。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EqSwdcu8CoYMU4x4NhVcPyWYnjh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"古筝的种类","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NsM4d8GsOo4i4wx4KMKcGExAnUe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"古筝分低档古筝、中档古筝、高档古筝三种。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RIcedkyEGoQCoyxQf0ec8u3RnSg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一、低档古筝是由普通木板做出框架,做工较粗躁,以花梨酸枝木贴皮,这种古筝声音较闷,弹不出古筝的韵味儿。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YqIedSOsooC680xcxrHchhUpnTh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"二、中档古筝琴是由花梨木酸枝木胡桃木做古筝的琴头琴尾,以及侧板,面板采用泡桐木,这种琴做工规范,弹出了古筝的韵味,但和中高档琴比音色要逊色很多。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"V4CgdocWWoWQsaxGEPfcIYb2nqf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"中高档古筝是采用黑檀木老红木做古筝的琴头琴尾,以及侧板,面板采用泡桐木,这种材料做出的古筝音色清脆,韵味渐浓。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RasedGmieoG4E2xCY6Pc2CnVn8c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"三、高档古筝做工严谨,选料精细,采用紫檀木血檀(雪檀)木做古筝的琴头琴尾,以及侧板,面板采用优质泡桐木。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DIoKdKiugoMYOoxmkiYc2iCan9b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"近年雪檀已尽绝迹,紫檀也越来越少,这种材料做出的古筝音色纯正,颗粒性强,琴声韵味十足,余音较长,即余音绕梁乃三日不绝。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UiSmdQeQwoeIU6x4uTdcRxfZn9b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"古筝分南北吗?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SwSQd4eS0o6ciexy2x5co97JnSd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"因为北方气候干燥,古筝使用中容易开裂,所以就流传出南筝、北筝的说法。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"H8WMdwccmoG86cxcp95c39WFn1b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"其实古筝是不分南北筝的,有些商家就是抓住了“古筝开裂”这一痛点,推出了南北筝这一概念。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PyY6d8y6qo4mAIxikZicrvBCn2d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"古筝是不分南北的,也就是不分南北用琴。古筝核心面板都是泡桐木,泡桐木产自河南兰考,如果将河南产的面板拿回上海加工就成了南方古筝,拿回西安加工就成了北方古筝,这显然是说不通的。买古筝时最重要的是买适合自己的筝,且注意对其保养就行。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MEYkdm4CKoWK0oxiiCEcHb4Pnwd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"古筝琴弦","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QYC4dAYuEoMQ00xGSwZcDIVZndf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"古筝是中国古老的民族乐器,距今已有两千五百多年的历史。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RW8SdoI2GoKcwaxk1mSch5uKnfe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"标准古筝有21根弦。从最细的弦到最粗的弦,依次编号为1~21。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LEcyd60waoiSGQxMiSwcACaJn5X"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":427,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"古筝琴弦","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a56dc34e2e3a407f9d8569a2e36541e7","width":640},"text":"","id":"VmeGdAcKwow6G4xohIFchRxznge"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"H8KsdaGW8ocyw2xOyPwcWzcFnlH"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"最初的古筝,只有5根弦。经秦国著名将蒙恬改造后,古筝发展到12弦。在当时的历史条件下,应该说是对古筝成功的改革。12弦古筝延续使用了数百年,直到唐朝后期才出现了13弦古筝。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RYyudcMAioMSWMxsvuVcfdIWnPh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"随着时代的发展,古筝的弦数也越来越多,音域也越来越宽。出现了16弦、18弦、19弦、21弦、23弦、25弦等,直到今天,发展成为通用的21弦。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SKk0dMSSyoSOKMxaAIUch9PsnAc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"筝身长1.63米的21弦古筝,被称为标准筝。筝弦,也由过去的丝,动物筋等生物性材料制作,改为现在的钢丝弦和尼龙缠弦。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OuGadOM6YoeG8WxE9T2cdmmvnNc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"随着筝弦的增加,筝的体积也在增大。发展到今天,已成为一种古朴典雅的民族乐器。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YoqMdG4Ioo6mCsxeizGc3TaEn7d"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"古筝基础知识","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CUoSdQg6moSsSMxOQVycQkZYnxd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"古筝的定义:弹拨弦鸣乐器。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NaEQdGYgOoEKKIx3DTPcW9QRngE"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一共有 21 根琴弦,包含 17 根弦和 4 根绿弦","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SQWYdEiSmoEgwyxaWc9c7lwan9g"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":405,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"古筝基础知识","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/adba970d86b842058bf1571fc3adf8c8","width":855},"text":"","id":"SkAsdOUe0oGOGcxYDIycO1H8ncd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、琴弦:现多用尼龙缠弦,以不同型号的钢丝外面缠以尼龙丝制成的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TKW6dgiMWouMk2xQpcPcHzSznYb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、琴码(又称:雁柱):支撑琴弦,琴码的右侧为演奏区域,左侧为左手补韵的装饰音区域。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HGS4dGEC2o4iqSx2liLcEjtdnHe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、岳山:分为前岳山,后岳山,分别镶嵌在琴面板的首部和尾部。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SYoOdAKe0ok0Mox5TYuck83BnBJ"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、面板:琴面略有弧度的木板。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LKcsdCqQcoskEwxgdpOcJcXdn7b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、调弦盒:内有弦轴,用于调音;琴盒内可以放指甲,琴扳手等物件。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Cs4GdYu4MoqQkKxgXT5cofbsnYd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"认识SOL","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HowmdCQKooaWgCx2x60c0ympnhd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":258,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"认识SOL","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2f6a1b3049b04321bd68e010868702e9","width":865},"text":"","id":"WeWmdsYowoUcySxwhcTcvdqZn1e"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"认识简谱","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IAS2dg8Ego6sg4xeAymcNBTCnrd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"简谱:简谱中用以表示音的高低及相互关系的基本符号为七个阿拉伯数字,即1、2、3、4、5、6、7,唱作do、re、mi、fa、sol、la、xi,称为唱名。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NGEcdoWOUoyuQcxyIb1cFQXEnSb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"唱名:do re mi fa sol la xi","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TyuydE4wwoq6YcxAFDkcsUgYnGc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"音名:C D E F G A B 这个就是用来记固定音高的符号。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JAuKdmEmqoK0ooxOOeUcl6S4nqe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在简谱中表达高低音一般会在上下两个方向添加小圆点。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MSQgd4sO0oOcq0xiqQIceHvdn0g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"中音是1234567那么低音表达就是在这些数字现面加一个小圆点,高音就是在数字上面加一点,上面加二个点为倍高音,加三个点为超高音。反之下面亦如此为倍低音、超低音等以此类推。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QAiKd4wQYoGAumxMz3BctbsMnRd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":172,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"认识简谱","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/03b2fb29978a4a519db2f44835e33dad","width":620},"text":"","id":"CsMAd40c0ooo8Wx6tvgcg4PRn3b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"除了音的高低外,简谱还有一个重要的因素就是音的长短,简谱音的长短有多种表达方式,如基本的加小横线的方式。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TKaGdyu4yoIuwgxojevc0EAOnbb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":168,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"认识简谱","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c8b352af536345dca9a6fc9665d5b1b4","width":682},"text":"","id":"HW2SdKEeIo82y4xk1iuceeCBnWh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果还不太懂的朋友,可以看看古筝简谱入门课程,介绍的非常详细:","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1xE411x7Wh/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1xE411x7Wh/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LQygdKaa2ooigOxgXmkcFxzZnzb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"五声调音","id":""}],"text":"","id":"D8GMdAuGooA0guxmIjWcMCutnDb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"古筝采用的是五声音节,由这五个音构成的调式是五声调式。所以古筝琴弦上没有4(fa)和7(si)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WUKcdsqIqowcykxFxh5c01jknEg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":552,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"五声调音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/210286ec53e74bf789a0ec4043213e05","width":953},"text":"","id":"NOK2dUqQ8oKw0CxAMQdcXzbsn4y"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IIsydGQ0CoYoAax6D4MclV5EnOb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"琴弦排列分组","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XcI0daSqKoQuWixCWNucDkbgnie"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":614,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"琴弦排列分组","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9101cd449a1848bd9f7199255fcf12c7","width":811},"text":"","id":"XyugdUYMooiWGGxYdZVcx7bln28"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":671,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"琴弦排列分组","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b1785101667e48d995a32b7807f94433","width":793},"text":"","id":"KwAIdKA4Qo0QUwxmkuFcm3t2nbh"}],"text":"","id":"EoCqdaCEioC44gxaYVXctHeYn6e"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"筝架和姿势","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EoCqdaCEioC44gxaYVXctHeYn6e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"弹筝的姿势有多种,一般采用坐式,要求坐姿端正,精神饱满、动作自然。古代采用过盘式、跪式。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VwW6dYSO6oQ444xuGzLcTsywnFh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"由于流派的不同,筝的放置位置、筝架、琴凳也不同。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PSOkdwWkUoWUOWxiymTcM5P8nSh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"有的用琴桌式筝架,有的用类似人字形的筝架,还有的就放在腿上演奏。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XYQsdWgwmoMUqGxkNZPcpl8XnSd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"采用琴桌式筝架比较稳因、牢靠,琴桌的面板有助于筝的共鸣。琴桌的大小应适当,恰好放稳筝的四个角;筝与琴桌之间有一定的空隙,以便于出音;琴桌的高低适合放腿为宜。此外,琴桌的造型应美观大方。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OQkQdcsksoieC2xcJVIcJ1JMn8d"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":518,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"筝架和姿势","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d12893778e954af9aa69660779580887","width":636},"text":"","id":"PQ48du20koKoSSxSAKXczsIHn7f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如采用类似人字形折叠筝架,应注意筝体能放置平稳,避免演奏中摇晃。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PkyidCm8koIwQyxmQGdcdEkEnle"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":597,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"筝架和姿势","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/421c2b42642b4606b6d45b3b04efab57","width":579},"text":"","id":"T8wydgECGoi0qqxYlVQcYLPAnvd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如采用小筝放在腿上演奏,小筝筝头底部应加筝托,以防止上身过前倾,腿部不要挡住出音孔,琴凳不要过高,筝尾支架的高度应与琴凳高度相当或略高。琴凳离筝体要近,尤其弹奏宽大的、弦数多的筝,一般身体前侧距筝体大约有6厘米至10厘米,应坐在靠近前岳山的位置上,坐的高低位置,应以方便演奏,便充分发挥技巧为原则。身体离琴过远,将使右手演奏困难,影响对触弦的控制;离琴过近,左手按弦困难,右手拨弦不方便;坐的位置过高时,上身容易前倾;坐的位置过低时,容易紧张。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"H6MQdMU42ou2yaxugIWcVCEdnrd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":741,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"筝架和姿势","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9c96a8e7759c4cdba7e8c0edd9a6d55a","width":733},"text":"","id":"ZKEgdC6SOo4OqUxUVOqcaQu7nng"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"弹筝的姿势,一般采用坐式,演奏者坐的姿势应该是:两腿自然分开,上身端正,两臂和双手松弛而自然抬起,精神饱满,态度自然。在演奏时既不要驼背也不要过分挺胸;既不要拘紧,也不要松垮。切忌摇头晃脑、脚打拍子等坏毛病。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Tam0dyU2socEowxMb3acblynnTf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"正确的演奏姿势是:右脚蹬在固定筝架的踏板上,头部略俯视,双手按乐曲开头的指法自然伸出,做好弹奏准备。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ECo4dYk6eocISgxma3TcC9tMnRg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":476,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"筝架和姿势","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8f8c264448484b8e99ed16776f541d40","width":781},"text":"","id":"HkaAdIAKQoYIAcx29lLcmxLgnBc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"如何选择古筝","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HWaadMuCooqgKcxQrKRcAe8Ln1c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"古筝的统一规格为:1.63米,21弦。一台古筝的音质取决于面板和琴弦,面板以阳面中段为最佳,阳面是指整株桐木置于水中,露出水面的一面为阳面,去头斩尾为中段,一般以9-12年树龄的桐木为最佳,尤以河南兰考的桐木为最佳,沙土地,木质疏松,利于音质的传导。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Casmdyo0OoS2Cqxe4BrcTQQtnOe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":456,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"如何选择古筝","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e08a4cdc236647d6914a8d4011e3d006","width":600},"text":"","id":"VOeqd0GAGoW4auxQhlQcxX7Tnaf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"初学者在购买古筝的时候一般不知道如何选择,市场上售卖的有练习筝、演奏古筝两种。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KAqidceYIoGg60xsDc7c3THenff"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"练习筝的制作较为简单,一般都是不包边的,而演奏筝的工艺更复杂,也更精美。 同时,会因为木头的品质,和穿弦孔的工艺不同而导致音色和手感的不同。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EY6adusu0oIKo6xgRopcF34Lnuh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"演出筝对音色的要求更严格,音色要亮,所以价格一般比练习筝的价格贵。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YMWEd2MgaoM0aUxWSYuczrwgnQh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"古筝的结构说简单也简单,但是要让这简单的结构发出美妙的音乐就是技术活了。决定音色品质重要的部分是面板的等级,其次筝码、整体做工、制作工艺等,边板材质起到装饰古筝的作用,不建议作为选筝的重点。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OskmdkmgEougSuxs8wZcDmzOnzY"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"古筝作为乐器其音色品质才是其价值的体现,而价值也是决定价格的原因,这也就是为什么古筝的价格会有如此大的差异。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZoWodYoUCosEmAxMhowcdZO3nEd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"我们选购古筝的时候首先要考虑古筝的音色问题,购买音色较好的古筝,如果是作为古筝学习者,练习筝也不要买太次的,那会影响自己的听力,和审美标准。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Bs0ed48aoo8OUIxg2KlcUobenzm"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"学习古筝","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ewqqdo4ssoEewUxojhWcMkLgnRY"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"学戴义甲","id":""}],"text":"","id":"L4w6dsweUocYCSxuYgqcHIlPnId"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"大指:将义甲戴在指肚上,向指尖左上方斜出45度佩戴","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RYiSdKoKyoQ68axY9wEcuRn5n9g"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":112,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"学戴义甲","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d8ef5651cc3549cb8629ebe19a9f43bf","width":136},"text":"","id":"A0CKdYKwOoy0aaxCUGucy5WvnFd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"食指、中指:将义甲戴在指肚上,顺指甲生长方向直戴","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IUO6dm4SYo0mSyxuKPicyXMhnFe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":112,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"学戴义甲","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f6f907e9573e4362a717f7ea0e478c52","width":136},"text":"","id":"E6Wkdgg6yoyGuAxyUqYcaCT7nzb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"注意:佩戴时义甲不要挡住手指的关节;胶布的一半应覆盖在自己本身的指甲上。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NgwmdyAWgomkMexMV43cJF1GnUc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"选择指甲","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NOYcd2McCoUW2kxDTPCc0XyinbM"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"古筝指甲首先要选择合适自身手指的长度,选择的指甲要和自己的手指第一节的长度相匹配,通常都是选择中号。指甲面选择宽点、上方尖点,不需要太厚的指甲面。古筝指甲材质很多,有塑料、树脂、玳瑁的,三种材质对比,玳瑁的比其它两种的好,对琴弦没有多大的磨损,但价格比较贵,塑料和树脂对琴弦的磨损就比较严重。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BgIsdWoAuoA04Ix8gSicDKB8nec"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":333,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"选择指甲","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e2fdb9f2bd254aceab730d7785e6d351","width":500},"text":"","id":"Pym0dWasEoCOcCxeYctcQBwznRf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"挑选玳瑁方法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DSa0dCkSsomgiwxSupvc10yEnpf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、强光照射法:把玳瑁放在太阳底下或者电筒光下投射,如果看见花纹、透明血丝状在甲片里,就是真品。伪劣产品呈现的血丝在甲面上是片状的,还有斑纹呆板或者团块状。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SYiAdGmwOoQW66xYZzecduXanef"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、燃烧法:刮一点点的指甲点燃,或者用加热的针触碰指甲面,真品就会散发出烧焦头发的味道,伪劣产品是散发其它的味道,比如樟脑的味道、塑胶的味道、醋味等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IWcqdMKakoqsAcxE5Twc5Jeunsd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"分辨琴弦","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KmE8ducyyo4co8x4qOdc67ozn9c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"古筝的琴弦有21根弦,共有两种颜色,白色琴弦、绿色(或红色)琴弦。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JcggdywqgooEk0xc7RmcGYOcnhf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":518,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"分辨琴弦","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ad9fb924473f4c03acde04ea2d49c706","width":627},"text":"","id":"Py4udAGwIoyM2SxI9QvcNGiFnaf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"绿色(或红色)琴弦都唱“5”(sol),共有四根绿色(或红色)琴弦,有粗有细,由细到粗,分别代表","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UkAGdSks4o4a42xE3RUchFYonSg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":34,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"分辨琴弦","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/45746576255f47eba05e8d49cce59e0f","width":138},"text":"","id":"QO8qdGyMKoISY0x8HXsc3G9fnuh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"高音5;中音5;低音5;倍低音5","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EqgAd8aeKoOiacxSAKBcZm37nXf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第一根到第五根琴弦为倍低音,表示方法是在1、2、3、5、6下面加两个点;接下来五根弦是低音,在1、2、3、5、6,下面点一个点;在后面五根弦是中音区,1、2、3、5、6。接下来是高音区,五根弦1、2、3、5、6上方加一个点;最后一根为倍高音do,1上面加两个点。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XOUAdgmSMoO4qmxSwkGcsOolnzd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"练习古筝步骤","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XIYAduAaMocSc4xmaNxcbfv4n5f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"弹古筝,首先要保持正确的姿势。两只手的食指、中指、大指依次配戴好指甲,你可以买两卷医用胶带,一卷放手上保持手背的平直,另一卷用来配戴指甲。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ww8CdKY24osSMyxikNIcZpDUnTf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"眼睛平视乐谱,身体坐好,接下来开始古筝的练习。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JWU0dmaEoouCqmxmUyJchz6anPc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"佩戴指甲","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Eae0d0gmwoOmAGx5kVkc8DotnJi"},{"type":"paragrap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","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QqQMdISAIoGU2YxUUaXcJOaxnPS"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"劈-大拇指向里弹弦。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BoEMd4qwcoYMocxKunIcsFP3nNd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"抹-食指向里弹弦。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WEYodoe4Eo8SaMx23swcdV8Wnsd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"挑-食指向外弹弦。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LIOgdwWQQoqQCUxqEhWcQngdnRg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"勾-中指向里弹弦。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OEeQdk48uoEYKGxmIQMcoip5nkA"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"剔-中指向外弹弦。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HUmudO8GCoswm2xOaqGczMLCnee"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"提-无名指向里弹弦。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BUOEd4OqkoukyWx0KFhcJ0rsnPg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"连托-大拇指向外连续弹弦。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZcgIdqiE2oWksYxyiCMcjzaynYb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"连抹-食指向外连续弹弦。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QuogdEcIIoaQyuxeOHzcc2KvnOf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"大撮-大拇指向外,中指向里同时弹两弦。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"X6WQdA8UqouOMYxsJxFchTwcnKh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"小撮-大拇指向外,食指向里同时弹两弦。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QgUAdG2OKoKseQxYzsYcsV2WnLe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"双托-大拇指同时向外弹奏邻近的两弦。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KK6gdm8uqoEmGIxsfWxcc2Odnch"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"双抹-食指同时向外弹奏邻近的两弦。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NQcidU04WoimIUxai8dcbd6SnIb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"八度双托-大拇指向外弹奏邻近的两弦,同时中指在低八度另一音,三阴同时奏响。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Qsa2dY2A6ogeQWxld5OcV31GnJG"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"摇指-大拇指连续托劈。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IWsudc6GsoYCwsxElKscG9kbnpd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"琶音-左手或右手用三个或四个手指按顺序弹奏不同的音。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SyAMdKoE6o2MCox8GDJctDKUntb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"泛音-左手食指在发音弦1/2处轻贴弦,右手弹弦发音。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"F0AadE2m6o2k8IxYFDjctDj7nUf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"花指-大拇指迅速连托数弦。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"No48dE2k0oyoGwxZa0hcSJFLnJv"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"向上刮奏-在筝弦上由低音向高音的划奏。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"H8O4dAe40o4CCwx6fYGcpAalnre"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"向下刮奏-在筝弦上由高音向低音的划奏。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KwaSdY8Eeo6IOAx2ni6cSerGnWb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"揉音或颤音-根据音乐的不同风格分类,是揉音类的,揉动较平和;是颤音类的,音波较密,也较有地方风格。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FWoIdk64eo6UKYxkfExccfF8n2f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"重颤音-用力较重的颤音。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Qyy4d62AmogESAxCuv1cX406nWf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"按音-在弦上按出的音。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Nua0di2SqowiuexSGLAcd10WnEd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"上滑音-右手弹弦后,左手按弦,使音由低向高滑动。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FQ2QdIikooWOe0xWs5ncnQjBn6d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"下滑音-左手先按弦,右手弹奏后逐渐松弦。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"J0mydiu4oogEcUxopwGcXtXanrb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"回滑音-右手弹弦之后,左手按弦使音由低向高又有高向低滑动数次。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NysMdEOGAocIwixI1kEcJbTynAf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"左手点音-左手马子左侧先轻点或轻轻快速下滑。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"L00CdO8CsoQCqkxo3YFcRgWtnKg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"下图是古筝指法符号对照表,在看古筝简谱的时候可以用到。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"W0m6dAs4wocMGIxquKfckKnNnDc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"古筝的指法教程视频:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"A6audayCIoOGEkxfMfBcOAOans4"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"初学古筝的指法口诀:","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Et411v7pq/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Et411v7pq/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DSmCdM884oUCqmxKwA5c9r2znCe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"勾、托、抹、托指法:https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1JT4y1N7nx/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Fa4kdGq6qoWgYcxAZpccCWPpnge"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"古筝指法抹、打:","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Di4y1174c/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Di4y1174c/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TcOwdq4CIoIQa0xEznicctuZnVf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"古筝指法大撮:","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Mi4y127Tt/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Mi4y127Tt/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Xcs4doIqgo8EUoxo19Sc5jmtnwc"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":647,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"练习古筝指法","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/bcd15188770447b29779c7bdfbaa68ba","width":545},"text":"","id":"Is8UdaiGoowSqax4yCtcadqpnSe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":650,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"练习古筝指法","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/44eb3f51d4944830bbcb685da7b7a39f","width":1033},"text":"","id":"UoS2dSCe6oQAU8xK0NNccXHBnxh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":650,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"练习古筝指法","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/44eb3f51d4944830bbcb685da7b7a39f","width":1033},"text":"","id":"UoS2dSCe6oQAU8xK0NNccXHBnxh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":561,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"练习古筝指法","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/5a534915e9fe476eb37f15a57878ac47","width":963},"text":"","id":"ZgEMdAw46oMeGgxbxUXcuXO5nzp"}],"text":"","id":"AMgwdoWcEooEa0xy2T7c9CYTnfe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AMgwdoWcEooEa0xy2T7c9CYTnfe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":375,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"练习古筝指法","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9b108c4e08b14c1baed8b263d5153c70","width":639},"text":"","id":"UaqQdk0aaoM8IQx2jodctAb8nyb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HUGEdgWCgoaEGcxsUfvcGAvfn1C"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"练习曲子","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZmEmdiSEkoKCEMxeiHdcbUDrnYd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"曲子是一句一句,一段一段地练习的,练得多了自然就记住了,然后可以","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"脱离琴谱练习。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"K88udG0OeoyWcWxyKGFcq1PKnPP"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"代表曲目","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ESqgdUwsco86EoxkrcvcokpynMe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"古筝十大代表名曲有《渔舟唱晚》、《高山流水》、《寒鸦戏水》、《汉宫秋月》、《蕉窗夜雨》、《林冲夜奔》、《侗族舞曲》、《东海渔歌》、《香山射鼓》、《战台风》。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GWw0deQgGoaggqxgR8vcjg94nub"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":333,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"练习曲子","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/30e75155bd7b4705a0328bdb1393cb8a","width":500},"text":"","id":"XoesdGoYUoYs2KxWSqrcYhaJnug"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"《渔舟唱晚》是传统的古筝独奏名曲。一般以为此曲是娄树华在20世纪三十年代中期,根据古曲《归去来辞》的素材改编而成。取自唐朝诗人王勃的名篇《滕玉阁序》中的佳名:“渔舟唱晚,响穷彭蠡之滨”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GcO4dGWQ6oaESIxUeVmc57KSnVn"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":661,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"练习曲子","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ba00e889ac9842dbbd886346b006886d","width":716},"text":"","id":"XgGadK2yooaC8ExBEgZcQ2hdntK"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"《高山流水》,为中国十大古曲之一。此曲最早见于我国现存最早的琴曲集《神奇秘谱》。乐曲取中国古代著名的音乐故事“伯牙摔琴谢知音”为题材,表现一种“巍巍乎若高山,洋洋乎若江海”的境界。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LQOydgqKGoy4akx8dYtcaEqxnwd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":532,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"练习曲子","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/larg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","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RYOsdo8SwoAeuWx8hK6cFkmgnIh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、要去试听课;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Wmu6dY0sooI2uqxI3dncj9EVnEe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"古筝课都是可以提前试听的,我们可以参加基础的试听课程,如果你认为老师讲的可以很轻易的听得懂,而且讲的有非常详细,老师人也比较好,那么就可以考虑选择这个老师。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Mgq6dEKSYoKiamxi2becA1BSnng"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、学历;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ECuedEK2CouWAsx2rDvcv01Cnrh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"老师的学历也是比较重要的,我们在选择老师的时候我可以咨询一下老师是哪里毕业的,如果老师是正规的音乐学校毕业的,那么他学习的知识会更加系统,在教我们的时候条理会特别清楚。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GM2sdMGcMoA0gkxodKUcQvdmnse"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 4、专业性。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KUUEdW2IooWGCix63Eeco0BDnxb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"学习古筝还是非常需要老师的专业性的,老师水平比较高,比较专业,那么我们的学习质量也会更加的高。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Q8aedu822oa4i4x6Y47cai0rnch"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"自学选择教材","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JmWOduKeIocuGoxaIpUcsUmnnce"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、《古筝基础教程》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LAoAdyG6MomiooxcfgFcjcFgn6U"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":611,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"自学选择教材","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/48f66ba9946b4a24b082b07c146e28ea","width":440},"text":"","id":"AsqQd062WoEmWGxWaofcrgAonTh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这本书分为古筝入门、古筝技法、古筝曲三个部分,是结合理论和实际的基础教材。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WwGKdkeiqow0mqxuEYfcrVytnsc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、《古筝入门》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Q8SAd0MQcoASuUxA9w6cfKhSnpf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":500,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"自学选择教材","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/08ab75b97b1a4c9299cca6fe32606ef3","width":372},"text":"","id":"RomcdOeUOoAGmexq5vMcmts8nLQ"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这本书介绍古筝由易到难,循序渐进,介绍的比较详细,里面附带很多筝曲。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JoeSdO6ScocQKaxGyUrcynY9nGb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、《从零起步学古筝》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KYEWdo2QGoAiW4x82RwcxJ5Dnbc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":431,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"自学选择教材","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/14cff81fa3db43d3b3ccf979850af338","width":428},"text":"","id":"XgcodsU4Oo8WMsxI9sXcGQXdnkf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"遵循从易及难的原则,从古筝最基本的指法讲起,每种指法配以相应的练习曲和乐曲。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KSISduQOsoWecIxC0X7cXITlnme"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"我们学习的时候先学习基础知识,理论知识学会后可以在网上多看些古筝的教程,特别的视频教程,可以在哔哩哔哩上选择适合自己的配合教材学习。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AUMKdWAC6o0u6oxA7BacdZDgn3g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"不过刚开始学习还是不建议自学,毕竟我们对古筝琴音没用正确的认知,非常容易走入误区,只有在老师的带领下,感受到老师正确的琴音,才能慢慢培养认知,这个是教材和视频代替不了的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"R6eodmCuuo2uAcxkFHUc6bUbnwh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"古筝考级","id":""}],"text":"","id":"G0uadkk4QoAUS2xsxAAcCpMDnE8"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"古筝考级分为1-10级,其中1-4级为初级,5-7级为中级,8-10级为高级,高级需要加考乐理。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GsQSdysC6oim0MxgdB3cw5sFnS1"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"按有关规定,古筝考级一般是从一级到十级,由低到高逐级考评,但由于考级工作一般都是每年进行一次,而学古筝的每个人学习情况不同,因此可跳级报考,如果古筝学习的比较好,可以直接报考六级考试。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UIEgdEwucoCW4AxKg8Rc6ht8nOe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"六级考试属于中等偏上的等级考试,考试相对简单,7级开始考试难度会增加很多。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Oceod2UwMokGEExymi2c2Roenfg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"所以刚开始考级的时候建议选择古筝六级考试,下面给大家介绍一些六级考试曲目。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HSiYdaiMyo4waMx6ln3cru6cnxd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"古筝六级曲目有哪些","id":""}],"text":"","id":"F6GGdCq0Io2oGgxmsa5c0g1enWe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"古筝考级六级曲目一般包括《高山流水》、《柳青娘》 、《出水莲》、《崖山哀》、《庆丰年》 、《闹元宵》 、《山丹丹开花红艳艳》等,根据考级版本不同可能略有区别,例如有音协考级、中央音乐学院考级、民族管弦学会考级等, 每个版本曲目和练习曲要求都不同。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OwQ2dykUioEcsQxMhWGc66VanQe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"考级的时候需要演奏两首同一级别的曲目,六级曲目中高山流水、庆丰年 、出水莲为必选曲目。六级考试的要求是加强各种音色变化、控制力的训练,并进行一些特殊定弦乐曲的练习,演奏上必须按照其指法特点,应强调力度与音色的对比、演奏的投入及较好的音乐表现力。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CmQ0dycMko6YsWx4lbfcKPw8ngh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":324,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"古筝考级","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/bdd537635370403b832a02ee381f4f0c","width":500},"text":"","id":"LycidwCQgoMkYaxiIhccjVgenlc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"调音器怎么用","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NWQedeKaAoYgmOxk3tkcchGMnwe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"古筝和吉他、钢琴等乐器一样都是需要调音的,最简单的方法就是使用调音器进行调音,具体的方法如下:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Y4UkdOisSouiqqx04n2cQL7ynef"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、首先把调音器的电池装好,长按中间的开关打开调音器。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"X8o2dCeQ4okOKkxLEfTcFq0Rnyz"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、按开关键把屏幕左下角的字换成“自动”,按“M/T”键把屏幕右下角的字换成“古筝D”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DMeedwaquouuSMx8Wa3cbWlGnHc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、按上三角符号和下三角符号把左上角的数字换成“=440”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SUOmdsE88oqCKuxiMR0cwxg6ncd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":333,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"调音器怎么用","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/cfa14c104dd04f6ebf801b5b7ed81928","width":500},"text":"","id":"PiqAdWGK0oeIO2x8RIkcSNw1nih"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、把夹子夹到要调的那根弦的附近,这样更能使调音器取到音。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OoKsd2KeKoogIQxYZlVcbRNynNh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、用古筝指甲拨要调的那根弦,看调音器屏幕上的数字,如果显示的数字比调的弦大,就说明太松了,如果数字比调的弦小,就说明太紧了,用调音扳手重新调整。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OCUWdQswQoWw2ex6a0xczPpEnMw"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、当屏幕上的数值是所调的弦的数值,还要看调音器最上端的三个指示灯,如果左边的红灯亮了,就说明有点偏紧了,如果右边的红灯亮了,就说明有点偏松了,如果绿灯亮,就说明这条弦已经调好。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WQMOdM2oAoiWwkxCedPcpxPPnYc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"日常保养方法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LwMQdiQ6ioCgWMxkzSNckqZZnAh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一般情况下,相对湿度在50%-70%之间的空间内使用古筝对筝的振动和发音都比较有利,湿度低于50%容易引发筝体表面及底板开裂,而湿度高于70%则易使面板吸潮,导致声音发闷、余音减短、音色发暗。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YuwydOGMeow8YuxK6acc5jZGnuh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、古筝在使用时应轻拿轻放,避免碰撞或剧烈震动。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MOUadYwmOoeauyxaU9Zc9GLanKh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、若在北方地区使用古筝,在琴下放一盆水,增加空气湿度,防止开裂。冬季时古筝不能靠近散热的暖气片,以免出现曝烈或变形的情况。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NOgGdiUYEogkGUxQPwZceLE8nXN"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、古筝使用后可用干软布拭去琴弦上的汗渍,以防琴弦生锈,不用时要以筝罩盖好;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YiQ6dsMEoo0Q4OxIziuc8BuhnFh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、古筝应经常使用,这有利于琴弦张力的稳定,也鞥促进音色;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RwWSdGcsUosIkSxGwBwcC9CNnHh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、一旦发现琴音不准时应及时调音;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BayydyEcuosscIxoTtecL49Lnkf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、长时间不用古筝,只要防潮、防晒、防灰即可,不可将其放在地上或挂在潮湿的墙上。湿气较重时,将古筝放入盒内,并在盒内放入干燥剂。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AeIgd28k6oce84xQj8PcI2FFn9c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"I2audQQWwo4Syexa8NacE2HWnwb"}]%3C%2Fhowto_content%3E
ky-2000a
萨克斯属于一种木管乐器,但管体通常会使用黄铜来制造,使得萨克斯在声音的力度上不但具有着铜管类乐器的特性,而且在音质也有着木管乐器的特点,特别是声音上带有金属的明亮度,是其他木管乐器无法比拟的。
介绍
萨克斯有倍低音萨克斯,低音萨克斯、上低音萨克斯、次中音萨克斯、C调萨克斯、中音萨克斯、F调高音萨克斯、高音萨克斯、C调高音萨克斯、超高音萨克斯。
萨克斯有多种音域和调性,其中以中高音、中音、次中音、上低音四种最多见。 古典萨克斯以中音萨克斯为主,而在爵士乐、流行乐里是以中音次中音为主。所有的萨克斯指法基本都是一样的,吹奏可以不用指法练习就更换乐器。
组成部分
主管
脖管
笛头
哨片
哨箍
盖帽
挂带
萨克斯种类
高音萨克斯
是萨克斯家族中音调第二高的乐器,通常为降B调,仅此于超高音萨克斯(Sopranino),管的体积也是第二_小。常见的为直管,略微曲颈或类似中音萨克斯的形状。相对于黑管,高音萨克斯音量更大,更有穿透力。但由于小管身,使得高音部分更难以控制音准,较难上手。音萨克斯主要用于独奏,在木管重奏中常用来替代双簧管。著名的高音萨克斯演奏家有SidneyBechet,约翰柯川,Wayne Shorter,能等。
中音萨克斯
是最常见的萨克斯,降E调,也是应用在古典乐合奏中最多的萨克斯。于按键距离适中,气息要求和嘴部控制难度介于高音萨克斯和次中音萨克斯之间,以吸相对便宜的价格和搬运容易,成为初学者入i最常使用的萨克斯。中音萨克斯音色较次中音清亮,较高音温和。中音萨克斯构成了管乐队萨克斯声部的最主要部分,在爵士大乐队编制中和次中音占同等重要位置。作为独奏乐器出现相对少一些。中音萨克斯是萨克斯家族最有代表性的种类。著名的中音萨克斯演奏家有爵士乐: Charlie Parker、Cannonball Adderley、Kenny Garrett。古典乐: Marcel Mule,Sigurd Rascher等。
次中音萨克斯
通常为降B调,外形比中音萨克斯稍大,弯管前端多了一个弯曲,色温和稳重。在管乐队中次中音萨克斯数量少于中音,一般作为辅助角色和小低音号和长号同样的乐谱。
而在爵士乐中次中音起核心作用。1920年代Coleman Hawkins沙哑厚重的声音重新定义了人们对次中音音色的概念。后来的约翰柯川,Stan Getz, Sonny Rollins, Michael Brecke一步一步地奠定了次中音声音的个性。
上低音萨克斯
通常为降E调,是4种中相对少见的类型。体积重量较大,近音两倍左右。很少有人它作为独奏乐器,而在萨克斯四重奏或爵士大乐队中上低音萨克斯以它低沉浑厚的音色把其它声音承托起来,以较简单的吹奏维持着音乐进行的稳定步伐。在管乐队中常和低音号类似的作用,有时让人联想起大提琴的声音。著名演奏家有Gerry Mulligan。
选购
初学萨克斯的朋友基本都是从降E中音萨克斯学起,因为中音萨克斯容易控制大小适中女老少都可以很轻松的演奏,且市面上针对初学萨克斯的教程都是中音萨克斯的教程,因此中音萨克斯以他的优势成为初学者的首选。
初学者没有必要买太好的管子,名牌并不见得好。因为进口的管子大多数也都是出口转内销的,很多所谓的国外品牌其实都在国内生产,一不心就会出高价买个山寨品。可以选择价格在2000-5000的国内品牌即可。
挑选萨克斯要看音准、密合度共振、音域质手感、镀层机械连动、空按萨克斯、按垫是不是均匀平整等等。但这对于初学者来说还是不好把握,好找专业可靠的朋友帮忙挑选。
建议先看乐器的整体造型是否合理,有些萨克斯管口部分很斜,和脖管不对称。检查每个按键的皮垫是否盖严或变形,若有盖得不严会漏气,影响发音。要试一下手感, 每个按键的弹簧是否力度适中。要看一下每个常用活动点是否严密、灵活,哨片箍是否能拧紧,不能太松。笛头部分与哨片接触处是否完整,均无瑕疵。然后最关键的是要试音色是否优美,同一价位的不同萨克斯音色都不一样。再试高音是否明亮低音是否易吹,音准是否好,有些乐器高音大都不准。再看附件是否齐全(部分配有:哨片、翻笛头、挂带等)。
乐理知识
音名
以英文字母来表示音高,称为音名。
12调全音域音名表
一、C调(*):低音234567,中音: 1234567,高音: 123456.(共19个唱名)
二、#C调($):低音1234567,中音: 1234567,高音: 12345.(共19个唱名)
三、D调(*):最低音7,低音,1234567,中音: 1234567,高音:12345.(共20个唱名)
四、E调(&):低音,67,中音:1234567,高:1234567.最高音:1234 (共20个唱名)
五、bE调(*):低音: #67中音:1#12#34#45#56#67 高音:1#2#234#45#56#67最高音:1#1234#4 (共32个唱名)
七、#F调($):低音,567,中音:1234567, 高音:1234567.最高音12(共19个唱名)
八、G调(*):低音,567,中音:1234567,高音:1234567.最高音12(共19个唱名)
九、A调(&):低音,34567,中音: 1234567, 高音: 1234567.最.高音1(共20个唱名)
十、bA调(&):低音,4567,中音:1234567, 高音:1234567.最高音1(共19个唱名)
十一、B调($):低音,234567,中音:1234567,高音: 123456.
十二、bB调(*):低音,34567,中音:1234567, 高音:1234567. (共19个唱名)
备注
1、其中带(*)号的调号为最常用基本调号共6个大调;带(&)号的调号为次常用调号共3个。带($)号的调号为一般不常用的调号共3个调号。
2、此表中共计244个唱音。
哼唱
萨克斯吹一个音,并且几乎同时的唱这个音,同时发出两个音,严格的说不叫双音,和吼叫技巧差不多。通常称它为哼唱,又叫做唱音。
高低音区
萨克斯在日常的娱乐过程中肯定会遇到高低音转换的情况。
这里的高低音转换以是否按着泛音键来区别,一种是主旋律的高低音转换,比如中音萨克斯降E调从中音的1(不按泛音键)到2(按着泛音键)的转换,或者反之,或是吹降B调时从3或4转换到5或反过来。
另一种是装饰音的高低音转换,这个就要求更快,几乎是要在一拍之内完成。
在高低音转换时(这里的高低音转换以是否按着泛音键来区别,下同) , 为了防止吹"破”音,就要通过气息来控制,在转换音的时候把气息“弱”下来,下一个音再逐渐起来,有的时候曲子需要时,加上吐音也能解决这个问题。
升降音
各个调之间无所谓谁高谁低,只是一个八度之间的比较而已。无论是高八度或者是低八度,只要是调对了,大家就能跟伴奏。要做好这件事情,就要有一点基本的乐理知识。最起码对熟悉的曲子能简单唱谱,才能知道里面的那个音是1(dao),那个音是2(rai),那个音是3(mi)。
先确定曲子的调
边听曲子,边唱其谱,选定任何一个音比如1。用萨克斯吹一下各个音(包括半音),看哪个音是正好跟你选定的音相吻合,那么这个音的1所对应的调就是曲子的调。
如果你只熟悉少数指法,就用萨克斯吹一下你熟悉的指法的各个1,看哪个更接近。并确定曲子的那个1比你吹出来的这个1是高还是低?这样你就知道到时候调整音调的时候是应该按上升还是下降了。
音调
经过探究,萨克斯产音域从原本的两个八度和一个五度的根底上,又向上扩大了一个八度和一个四度(扩大音域属于超吹局部,没有必定的根底很难演奏)。
振动不规矩,音的上下听起来不分明,叫做“杂音”;
乐音系统:音乐中所运用的基本的乐音的总和 ;
音级:乐音系统中的各音(专指乐音);(振动起来是有规律的、单纯的,并有准确的高度(也叫音高)的音)
音列:按必定的音高关系和上下顺序,由低到高或由高到低陈列 ;
半音:乐音系统中,音高关系的最小计量单元 ;(相邻的两个音之间最小的距离)
全音:一个全音等于两个半音 ,把八度音划分为十二个音,四个相连的音之间的音程叫全音。
变化音级:将基本音级加以提高或下降得来的音;
晋级音:将基本音级提高半音,如升C、升D、相反是降职音 ;
重升音级:将基本音级提高全音,如重升C、重升D,等,反之为重降 ;
音组:乐音系统中八十多个音用来划分音分为多少组,它的标志是用小写字母并在右上方加数字“1”来表示。如:c1,d1,e1,f1,比小字一组高的各组,由低到高名为“小字二组”、“小字三组”、“小字四组”、“小字五组”。顺次写上数字“2”、“3”、“4”、“5”。比小字一组低的各组,由高到低顺次命名为“小字组”、“大字组”、“大字一组”、“大字二组”。小字组用小写字母,大字组用大写字母 ;
中心C:位于乐音系统总音到中心的小字一组的c1。每秒振动约261次 ;
定律法:断定乐音系统中各音的彻底精确高度,人们在实施中发明白种种定律法。如十二均匀律,五度相生津、纯律等 ;
十二均匀律:将一个纯八度(如c1-c2)分红十二个均等的局部 ;
等音:音高相似而记法和意思不同的音。如升C、降D,重升B,这三个音在钢琴上音高是完全相似的。但记法和意思不同。能够看出,除了升G和降A惟有一个等音外,其它各音都有两个等音 。
复合音:平常听到某一音,一般由很多个音组合而成的。它的发生是因为发音体(以弦为例)振动时,不只全段振动,它的各局部(二、三、四、五段等)也同时在振动 ;
基音:由全弦振动发生的音,听的最清楚的;
泛音:由发音体各局部振动而发生,不易被听出的;
分音:形成复合音的各音;
音域:从低音到高音,音列的总范畴 ;
音区:音域中的一局部。依据音色的不同分为高音区、中音区和低音区。小字组、小字一组、小字二组被以为是中音区,小字三,小字四,五为高音区,大字组,大字一组和二组为低音区。
姿势
1.用挂带将乐器挂在胸前,调整挂带,使其既能负担乐器的重量又能缓解手和臂的紧张程度。
2.站立演奏时,两腿同肩宽,坐着演奏时,两腿打开稍向外,呈九十度弓形触地,身体要自然挺直,背、胸、腰、腹不可弯曲。(新手不建议坐姿演奏萨克斯管不利于掌握气息)
3.含笛头的角度,要以自然呼气和笛头风口的气流方向为依据,因气流方向略向下斜,而笛头和脖管自然要与气流的方向相一致,略往下倾斜为最佳角度,大约为四十五度左右。
4.演奏当中手指、腕部、臂部要松弛,左右手要自然弯曲,指关节要略为隆起,不可平直而蹋落关节,运指时要有节奏感,用力不宜过大。动作不宜僵硬,手指抬的不宜过高。
5.左手拇指扶按在T键上,并且控制八度泛音键,小指控制11(降B)9(升C)8(升G);右手指托住乐器下方靠近身体部分的托钩,小拇指控制1(C)2(降 E),左右手食指、中指、无名指分别放在I、Ⅱ、Ⅲ键上。
6.用嘴控制笛头,挂带控制萨克斯的重量, 左右手控制萨克斯的平衡,使之演奏呈现出最佳姿态。
音调&简谱
一、降B调高音萨克斯管,又俗称直管萨克斯。
二、降E调中音萨克斯管,这是应用较为广泛的一种,一般学生初学萨克斯管时多选择这种音域适中且相对易于演奏的乐器。
三、降B调次中音萨克斯管。
四、降E调上低音萨克斯管,它的体积较大,一般应用于重奏与合奏中。
用女儿情来解释简谱的符号
简谱中的调与调号
1=F,表示这首曲子是F调的。
简谱里常使用各种不同的调。调由两部分组成,即主音的高度与调式类别。简谱中,调号是用以确定1(do)音的音高位置的符号,其形式为1=( )(现在普遍都用“1”来作为调号的基准音),用作调号的音是调式主音,“1=F”就意味着这首乐曲是F调的。
简谱中的拍子和拍号
4/4,是表示这首曲子是44拍。
将旋律的强拍与弱拍用固定音值进行强弱循环,有规律地组合,称为拍子。拍号一般标记在调号的后边。拍子分为单拍子与复拍子两种。
每小节的每一拍由一个完整音符即单纯音符组成的拍子,称为单拍子;每小节的每一拍由一个附点音符或与其等值的音符组成的拍子,称为复拍子。
音符的长短
在简谱中,1、2、3、4、5、6、7这七个基本音符,不仅仅表示音的高低大小,还表示时值长短的基本单位,称为四分音符,其他音符均是在四分音符的基础上通过加记短横线"-"和附点"·"表示。
单纯音符
如果音符时值的长短用短横线" -"表示,就称为单纯音符。单纯音符除四分音符外,在基本音符右侧加记一条短横线,表示增长一个四分音符的时值。这类加记在音符右侧、使音符时值增长的短横线,称为增时线。增时线越多,音符的时值越长。
在基本音符下方加记一条短横线,表示缩短原音符时值的一半。这类加记在音符下方、使音符时值缩短的短横线,称为减时线。
减时线越多,音符的时值越短。单纯音符的名称以全音符为标准而定。如:全音符的二分之一称为二分音符,全音符的四分之一称为四分音符,其余类推。
附点音符
附点就是记在音符右边的小圆点,表示增加前面音符时值的一半, 带附点的音符叫附点音符。简单点说,就是这个音要多唱半拍。
比如“鸳鸯双栖蝶双飞”中,本来“双”只需要唱一秒,因为有了附点音符所以要唱1.5秒的延长音,本来要唱2秒,现在要唱3秒。
音高
在音符的上方加一个圆点(叫做高音点)表示高一个八度,在音符下方加一个圆点(叫做低音点)则表示低一个八度。若在上方加两个圆点,即表示高两个八度,在下方亦是如此,依此类推。
不带点的音符称为“中音”,带高音点的音符称为“高音”,带低音点的音符称为“低音”。
为了演奏(演唱)的方便,一般将乐曲音域的中音区记成不带点的音符(中音),这样可以减少一些记谱符号,看得更清楚。
对应的音区称之为低音区、中音区、高音区。在音符上标点,在演奏乐器或者唱歌的时候找准音的高低。
延音线
音符后面有一根短横线。这个叫做延音线,意思就是唱到这里得拖长音。比如:第一句鸳鸯双栖蝶双飞~(此处用波浪表示延长)。
连音线
两个音符上面有一个弧线叫做连音线,一般是给唱歌看的,表示一个字要对应几个音,中间不断开。意思是说,看到弧线就要将对应的字的读音分解开始唱。
比如第一句:鸳鸯双栖蝶双飞,“蝶”字上有连音线,蝶的读音大家知道,蝶=d+ie。
所以唱的时候要这么唱:蝶~(拖ie的音)
休止符
在简谱中表示音乐的休止(停顿)的符号称为休止符。简谱的休止符用O来表示。吹奏乐器的时候,看到休止符,就可以停止吹奏,然后等下一段节奏再吹奏。
休止符时值的长短与音符的时值基本相同,只是不用增时线,而用更多的O来代替,每增加一个O,表示增加一个相当于一个四分休止符的停顿时间,O越多,停顿的时间越长。在休止符下方加记不同数目的减时线,停顿的时间按比例缩短。常用休止符的写法、休止时值如下:
小节线与终止线
在强拍面前,用来划分节拍单位的垂直线叫小节线。用来表示全曲结束的两条小节线,右边略粗于左边的一条叫终止线。
速度
有两种,一种是文字表示的,如“快速”、“中速”、“慢速”等等。一种是直接告诉你的。比如《女儿情》调号下面的表示为每一分钟唱70个4分音符。
以上就是学简谱时都会学到的基础知识,相信大家对简谱有了更清晰的认识。当然这些知识只是乐理的入门部分,在学习过程中还会接触到更详细的学习内容,如果大家在这方面想了解到更多内容或者有疑问的地方都可以给老师留言,会一一帮大家解答的。
指法
手指的按法
好比手中握着球,稍微弯曲,各手指不要伸的直直的,要有弯弯的感觉。按键时手指不要离开,可能的话轻轻摸着键。
曲目
《茉莉花》、《暗香》、《血色浪漫》、《天空之城》依次从简单到难度比较高,是练萨克斯必备的经典曲目。
《茉莉花》
萨克斯本身声音悠扬清亮,而这首乐曲把缥缈缠绵的意境表现得相当到位,在音质不好的播放器上往往会将声音表现成刺耳的高音,意境皆无。面对难以完美再现的萨克斯,尤其是清纯悠扬的清音效果和抒情的高音时,应该表现的完满而到位。层次感清晰分明,音质柔和不显刺耳,却极富穿透力。
《暗香》
《血色浪漫》
此曲注意每个乐句的气流控制,掌握好正确的吸气方法。在演奏时略带喉音,乐句尾音稍带滑间,还需掌握好超高音的演奏。
《天空之城》
用萨克斯演奏的《天空之城》带着一种天然的恬静,让人们陶醉其中,心里便有了一份宁静,和恩雅的音乐一样,能够洗涤内心的躁动,收获一份久违的静谧,不再为了一些琐事闹心。
保养
保持干燥
每次吹奏完后总会有一些水份留在管内,不及时清理会腐蚀管体。在潮湿多雨的地区保持乐器干燥尤为重要。
乐器使用完毕后,应取下弯脖,把管体内的水分倒出来,用柔软吸水的布简单擦拭下喇叭口处的水分,然后放在通风处15-20分钟,让其自然晾干。用过的清洁布不要直接和乐器放在一起,防止潮气滞留二次腐蚀乐器;通布条和口水棒也不建议使用,通布条来回擦,容易对皮垫的密封性造成很大的影响,漏气了或者卡在萨克斯里边就难办了
口水棒是不吸水的材质,口水有碱性,用它等于用碱2次腐蚀管体加速氧化,也不建议使用。
保持清洁
萨克斯管结构复杂,音孔和音键多达数十个,不定期清洁容易在键轴、键杆和弹簧等部位积攒灰尘和污垢,会严重影响乐器机械性能的发挥,给演奏带来困难。
吹奏完乐器后,应用清洁布擦拭管体表面的指纹和汗迹,否则容易侵蚀管体,加快萨克斯表面的氧化;使用萨克斯时间长了,键柱之间和键杆下面如果有浮尘,可用0.5寸左右的小毛刷轻轻打扫或者可以用卫生棉棒来小心清理。建议1-2周一次即可。
哨片保养
吹奏完毕后,哨片用后要取下,擦去水分,放入哨片夹内,妥善保管。短时休息时,一定要套上笛头帽。
笛头保养
笛头每次用完后用水冲洗干净,再用软布擦干即可,也可直接擦干净。
键垫保养
吹奏完毕后键垫有潮湿的情况出现,会硬化减少使用寿命;可用吸水纸夹在键垫与音孔之间。手按键子,将水分吸干,保持各部分的干燥,一定不要让纸屑留在音口上以免造成漏气现象。
按键灵活
萨克斯管音调的变化主要依靠音键和音孔的变化来实现,因此尤其音键应具备高度的灵活性。所以应定期滴专用键油以增强它的灵活性并防止锈死。
每隔2个月在萨克斯各键连杆处注入萨克斯润滑油,不要太多,防止键油流到管体上导致漆面提早氧化,滴完后活动几下键子使油充分渗入,用软布把表面多余的油擦干净即可。
乐器上固定各键连杆的各个螺丝,要进行经常性的检查,如有松动将其拧紧。由于萨克斯的泛音孔很小,较易堵塞,所以要定期清理。根据个人使用情况1-2年要到萨克斯维护中心做一次保养;如果萨克斯长时间未用,开始用的时候,需要做一次检查以及保养。
手应该拿在萨克斯没有按键的部分,比如喇叭口或者上侧弯脖接口处,或者手拿指托处,一定要牢靠、稳妥;并且乐器放回箱包后,一定记得拉上箱包拉链,避免不小心乐器的滑出造成不必要的磕碰。
%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"萨克斯属于一种木管乐器,但管体通常会使用黄铜来制造,使","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"得","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"萨克斯在声音的力度上不但具有着铜管类乐器的特性,而且在音质也有着木管乐器的特点,特别是声音上带有金属的明亮度,是其他木管乐器无法比拟的","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmY0kk0MW2a6I6rYWpBYzBc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"介绍","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGWCQQOOSW2w0SSSXkkoEmc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"萨克斯有倍低音萨克斯,低音萨克斯、上低音萨克斯、次中音萨克斯、C调萨克斯、中音萨克斯、F调高音萨克斯、高音萨克斯、C调高音萨克斯、超高音萨克斯。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSGmoqGI0a4E4YLavQSyuHg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"萨克斯有多种音域和调性,其中以中高音、中音、次中音、上低音四种最多见。 古典萨克斯以中音萨克斯为主,而在爵士乐、流行乐里是以中音次中音为主。所有的萨克斯指法基本都是一样的,吹奏可以不用指法练习就更换乐器。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKic0kgmO64cAyodJQ7Qxth"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"组成部分","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnicgs8Iy0K0sEKO9hEOYvSb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"主管","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnW6mC4mEw0mQOSWUaxbCn7s"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":609,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"主管","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6189100d2c36478ca8361e3c1f39f0f5","width":243},"text":"","id":"doxcnSE6ucAAqyGOGYLizdlZcxe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"脖管","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqIGyoucsWw8qaQ7skVF6gf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":501,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"脖管","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f417d55fc6244c428ba13aa75801e2e9","width":778},"text":"","id":"doxcnGqYgwac6KEMo43FtlOWqGf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"笛头","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngo8soScasYU8OkjP5tx50f"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":306,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"笛头","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/96e062e5fea049839669c8b26ec0d77a","width":705},"text":"","id":"doxcnu4OEsmEwgig2SO3FqcC0Ih"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"哨片","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6giOqaq66gcmMXlNrAgzZc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":365,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"哨片","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/75cad85d1b1b4ef7bd3e2c53c7563292","width":277},"text":"","id":"doxcn6ME6EM0YUEmqeW3PPqjpeb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"哨箍","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnm8OymOu8u0ukQLu5mWxfle"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":359,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"哨箍","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0db081831cbc4f3994f573de26ae193e","width":351},"text":"","id":"doxcn2Qeuouww6w02CAMDoGGbYc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"盖帽","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGUuKy2k0iKewuYHFRovdHc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":832,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"盖帽","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f19710625f584ac7a167c6916f6306cf","width":401},"text":"","id":"doxcnA2m8CqEqgkiwQb7xrEf2jb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"挂带","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcni2oOEigg4iQ4EPH8dUIolf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":737,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"挂带","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/93ba78621894488890e3eae44a739f02","width":659},"text":"","id":"doxcnGwq2A4kAIEIeqOGwrjT3ge"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"萨克斯种类","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn04uaCWAgS0O84FdPKveeng"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"高音萨克斯","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUMAYGk82cQwa6NvUDtBfgb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"是萨克斯家族中音调第二高的乐器,通常为降B调,仅此于超高音萨克斯(Sopranino),管的体积也是第二_小。常见的为直管,略微曲颈或类似中音萨克斯的形状。相对于黑管,高音萨克斯音量更大,更有穿透力。但由于小管身,使得高音部分更难以控制音准,较难上手。音萨克斯主要用于独奏,在木管重奏中常用来替代双簧管。著名的高音萨克斯演奏家有SidneyBechet,约翰柯川,Wayne Shorter,能等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnU26ygeS8Ckiw8z3Ix1hese"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":598,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"高音萨克斯","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/af7e45386bf740ac840f040d5a68e8b4","width":599},"text":"","id":"doxcn0sS4iCAcgkocM7ITP4UvTh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"中音萨克斯","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn686mIMe4K2Q0gfZ1WMp6Gf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"是最常见的萨克斯,降E调,也是应用在古典乐合奏中最多的萨克斯。于按键距离适中,气息要求和嘴部控制难度介于高音萨克斯和次中音萨克斯之间,以吸相对便宜的价格和搬运容易,成为初学者入i最常使用的萨克斯。中音萨克斯音色较次中音清亮,较高音温和。n","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"中音萨克斯构成了管乐队萨克斯声部的最主要部分,在爵士大乐队编制中和次中音占同等重要位置。作为独奏乐器出现相对少一些。中音萨克斯是萨克斯家族最有代表性的种类。著名的中音萨克斯演奏家有爵士乐: Charlie Parker、Cannonball Adderley、Kenny Garrett。古典乐: Marcel Mule,Sigurd Rascher等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8Ko6Aq2E2a26KO7g7Qj7jh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":676,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"中音萨克斯","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/88c4887aeff342dcac58d61b89b3ee52","width":485},"text":"","id":"doxcn6Cc2wgWQOMaeklrr5w0gJf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"次中音萨克斯","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmYmMASO0kmYGU1VU4UMUjb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"通常为降B调,外形比中音萨克斯稍大,弯管前端多了一个弯曲,色温和稳重。在管乐队中次中音萨克斯数量少于中音,一般作为辅助角色和小低音号和长号同样的乐谱。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuAswqmwA6GQY6TyToKxmDd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"而在爵士乐中次中音起核心作用。1920年代Coleman Hawkins沙哑厚重的声音重新定义了人们对次中音音色的概念。后来的约翰柯川,Stan Getz, Sonny Rollins, Michael Brecke一步一步地奠定了次中音声音的个性。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmuKMe8KY02E2oB4GK2mLwe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":412,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"次中音萨克斯","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/4343f601182d4d7ea34b251716ac7b0c","width":545},"text":"","id":"doxcnKmqI4o0We6OSGw13yW7W2g"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":" 上低音萨克斯","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCUk6EyM0SeMCUjTot6PuTc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"通常为降E调,是4种中相对少见的类型。体积重量较大,近音两倍左右。很少有人它作为独奏乐器,而在萨克斯四重奏或爵士大乐队中上低音萨克斯以它低沉浑厚的音色把其它声音承托起来,以较简单的吹奏维持着音乐进行的稳定步伐。在管乐队中常和低音号类似的作用,有时让人联想起大提琴的声音。著名演奏家有Gerry Mulligan。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnygmsUmAUQKIsKw6aRvvfsg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":724,"note":[{"type":"text","text":" 上低音萨克斯","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0af6b1ec5cf34895946a75f34b19f8c1","width":551},"text":"","id":"doxcnGeg8CmA4804mG8emd0fbMe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"选购","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEaMeoGqwUmAuGuu11Nj0sg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"初学萨克斯的朋友基本都是从降E中音萨克斯学起,因为中音萨克斯容易控制大小适中女老少都可以很轻松的演奏,且市面上针对初学萨克斯的教程都是中音萨克斯的教程,因此中音萨克斯以他的优势成为初学者的首选。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOeaK4qCE8O4eAjajQhMuag"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"初学者没有必要买太好的管子,名牌并不见得好。因为进口的管子大多数也都是出口转内销的,很多所谓的国外品牌其实都在国内生产,一不心就会出高价买个山寨品。可以选择价格在2000-5000的国内品牌即可。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8YIsUawmQEAqwrxIv81hNh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"挑选萨克斯要看音准、密合度共振、音域质手感、镀层机械连动、空按萨克斯、按垫是不是均匀平整等等。但这对于初学者来说还是不好把握,好找专业可靠的朋友帮忙挑选。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIsqYuesiamOaAzCH7aT50c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"建议先看乐器的整体造型是否合理,有些萨克斯管口部分很斜,和脖管不对称。检查每个按键的皮垫是否盖严或变形,若有盖得不严会漏气,影响发音。要试一下手感, 每个按键的弹簧是否力度适中。要看一下每个常用活动点是否严密、灵活,哨片箍是否能拧紧,不能太松。笛头部分与哨片接触处是否完整,均无瑕疵。然后最关键的是要试音色是否优美,同一价位的不同萨克斯音色都不一样。再试高音是否明亮低音是否易吹,音准是否好,有些乐器高音大都不准。再看附件是否齐全(部分配有:哨片、翻笛头、挂带等)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnauikgWIogiAc6tpYo0HW8e"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"乐理知识","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqYq6a2MausOeOIJgi4Coge"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"音名","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkUqW80o6CGo62qMavOn2Ej"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"以英文字母来表示音高,称为","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"音名。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnk4YKsMw2AYAaARn5V7WBie"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"12调全音域音名表","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuM4yIoWKiOeSw5DOyS15Qe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一、C调(*):低音234567,中音: 1234567,高音: 123456.(共19个唱名)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoOs4c6OIsWEsBFrPZvO8Lq"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"二、#C调($):低音1234567,中音: 1234567,高音: 12345.(共19个唱名)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoogGWgWMoU0mAbYBAvyZ6d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"三、D调(*):最低音7,低音,1234567,中音: 1234567,高音:12345.(共20个唱名)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniQgk6oiKIuikQN4bd44h9b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"四、E调(u0026):低音,67,中音:1234567,高:1234567.最高音:1234 (共20个唱名)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUwuSCaESO8AMy6FOrymAah"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"五、bE调(*):低音: #67中音:1#12#34#45#56#67 高音:1#2#234#45#56#67最高音:1#1234#4 (共32个唱名)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcni6e4YWYcm4Ku21RdVClHOf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"七、#F调($):低音,567,中音:1234567, 高音:1234567.最高音12(共19个唱名)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngiiM2wqmUKwOq6B2Gkw98c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"八、G调(*):低音,567,中音:1234567,高音:1234567.最高音12(共19个唱名)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngGIg6eGK48ooo32mJDC5ud"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"九、A调(u0026):低音,34567,中音: 1234567, 高音: 1234567.最.高音1(共20个唱名)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAQkyuAgCUYw44LSAdpKn4f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"十、bA调(u0026):低音,4567,中音:1234567, 高音:1234567.最高音1(共19个唱名)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqAM8qkY6gQwE6dB8d811bd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"十一、B调($):低音,234567,中音:1234567,高音: 123456.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncIkyGKaI4MmyMZ1hhK2dCc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"十二、bB调(*):低音,34567,中音:1234567, 高音:1234567. (共19个唱名)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncuY2sYaKQ8wME1ZynTRbXg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":" 备注","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniUW2GG2IqmGgMdM1HgjUmd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、其中带(*)号的调号为最常用基本调号共6个大调;带(u0026)号的调号为次常用调号共3个。带($)号的调号为一般不常用的调号共3个调号。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0ggu8q8MiwYEMn7hJ45Beg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、此表中共计244个唱音。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYSOSAKcQIg08MvLOjOZ6Vc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"哼唱","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnq0YIiI8uqGss5sBsidqkgh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"萨克斯吹一个音,并且几乎同时的唱这个音,同时发出两个音,严格的说不叫双音,和吼叫技巧差不多。通常称它为哼唱,又叫做唱音。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkuagUKwW004Eui5fpeNOHc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"高低音区","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2maOcSsQickIMb1jyES34e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"萨克斯在日常的娱乐过程中肯定会遇到高低音转换的情况。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmw2uksOWy4woeeVyNq2psc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这里的高低音转换以是否按着泛音键来区别,一种是主旋律的高低音转换,比如中音萨克斯降E调从中音的1(不按泛音键)到2(按着泛音键)的转换,或者反之,或是吹降B调时从3或4转换到5或反过来。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwIwMiWWYKwk0aANyHr98Le"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"另一种是装饰音的高低音转换,这个就要求更快,几乎是要在一拍之内完成。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4UyaKWueA8kWQjoIwsmPyh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在高低音转换时(这里的高低音转换以是否按着泛音键来区别,下同) , 为了防止吹"破”音,就要通过气息来控制,在转换音的时候把气息“弱”下来,下一个音再逐渐起来,有的时候曲子需要时,加上吐音也能解决这个问题。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcni4OwScWiSaiEGM5NZM8fYg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"升降音","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwukES2wQ0wISW2LpP5MNWg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"各个调之间无所谓谁高谁低,只是一个八度之间的比较而已。无论是高八度或者是低八度,只要是调对了,大家就能跟伴奏。要做好这件事情,就要有一点基本的乐理知识。最起码对熟悉的曲子能简单唱谱,才能知道里面的那个音是1(dao),那个音是2(rai),那个音是3(mi)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEiq0KOmSY080kZJsOMRvwh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"先确定曲子的调","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKAwwwcQ2uAoSwXvNSasBYf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"边听曲子,边唱其谱,选定任何一个音比如1。用萨克斯吹一下各个音(包括半音),看哪个音是正好跟你选定的音相吻合,那么这个音的1所对应的调就是曲子的调。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6so0AEY44mgs4JhorWqAgg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果你只熟悉","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"少数指法","id":""},{"type":"text","text":",就用萨克斯吹一下你熟悉的指法的各个1,看哪个更接近。并确定曲子的那个1比你吹出来的这个1是高还是低?这样你就知道到时候调整音调的时候是应该按上升还是下降了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnACYOko0aM86kucDItUt7bc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"音调","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkqyw0mAwaEAegjvhZKTINg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"经过探究,萨克斯产音域从原本的两个八度和一个五度的根底上,又向上扩大了一个八度和一个四度(扩大音域属于超吹局部,没有必定的根底很难演奏)。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":" ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnS44AMISMgEkGSCLTbVNrec"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"振动不规矩,音的上下听起来不分明,叫做“杂音”;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkqqoeci0846CwRMHsps6Ce"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"乐音系统:音乐中所运用的基本的乐音的总和 ;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnig6MU4KS0ksEA9OY4eknye"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"音级:乐音系统中的各音(专指乐音);(振动起来是有规律的、单纯的,并有准确的高度(也叫音高)的音)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqcouaYC0MUgSG4bs2JcVa9"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"音列:按必定的音高关系和上下顺序,由低到高或由高到低陈列 ;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSCsGQcwgmgGqAd1dGITVmg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"半音:乐音系统中,音高关系的最小计量单元 ;(相邻的两个音之间最小的距离)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn26aCmoQOWUcaUVyI2eNP1e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"全音","id":""},{"type":"text","text":":一个全音等于两个半音 ,把八度音划分为十二个音,四个相连的音之间的音程叫全音。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOgKy6iK2oceskFlhJklopg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"变化音级:将基本音级加以提高或下降得来的音; ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8YsYweOeUogSWuwHqEBBBd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"晋级音:将基本音级提高半音,如升C、升D、相反是降职音 ; ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCs4egmAK6sqEmkSXhH2Y6b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"重升音级:将基本音级提高全音,如重升C、重升D,等,反之为重降 ;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWCqKQOecgoaoaEtfIBLtfd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"音组:乐音系统中八十多个音用来划分音分为多少组,它的标志是用小写字母并在右上方加数字“1”来表示。如:c1,d1,e1,f1,比小字一组高的各组,由低到高名为“小字二组”、“小字三组”、“小字四组”、“小字五组”。顺次写上数字“2”、“3”、“4”、“5”。比小字一组低的各组,由高到低顺次命名为“小字组”、“大字组”、“大字一组”、“大字二组”。小字组用小写字母,大字组用大写字母 ; ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmAEa24k0kMgGg1zydHIGMd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"中心C:位于乐音系统总音到中心的小字一组的c1。每秒振动约261次 ;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0mEScK4MQSG0qSMZQURUne"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"定律法:断定乐音系统中各音的彻底精确高度,人们在实施中发明白种种定律法。如十二均匀律,五度相生津、纯律等 ;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAmIUWcuAecaWcP0zMGF4Cc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"十二均匀律:将一个纯八度(如c1-c2)分红十二个均等的局部 ; ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwwimeswyOycwq0tz695Usb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"等音:音高相似而记法和意思不同的音。如升C、降D,重升B,这三个音在钢琴上音高是完全相似的。但记法和意思不同。能够看出,除了升G和降A惟有一个等音外,其它各音都有两个等音 。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniQYgAiym2IOCG0adrpwx2e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"复合音:平常听到某一音,一般由很多个音组合而成的。它的发生是因为发音体(以弦为例)振动时,不只全段振动,它的各局部(二、三、四、五段等)也同时在振动 ; ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnccQGu4GcwasOKG7RaRs2mf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"基音:由全弦振动发生的音,听的最清楚的; ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQyyQwQCKEAAQGsXNRMPDWd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"泛音:由发音体各局部振动而发生,不易被听出的; ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0Wi6OM2K26KsO8Ixd8acOf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"分音:形成复合音的各音; ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmUmAAMySoWiewJZj1NveDc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"音域:从低音到高音,音列的总范畴 ; ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2kquOwA0MAaSBO7s9roTNc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"音区:音域中的一局部。依据音色的不同分为高音区、中音区和低音区。小字组、小字一组、小字二组被以为是中音区,小字三,小字四,五为高音区,大字组,大字一组和二组为低音区。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncAiIG8I6KQs8kve2yxpdDb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"姿势","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4eQU4a0OaykYSUcjvBBFCg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1.用挂带将乐器挂在胸前,调整挂带,使其既能负担乐器的重量又能缓解手和臂的紧张程度。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngG646UsmMA6IyIHnuiAwCg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2.站立演奏时,两腿同肩宽,坐着演奏时,两腿打开稍向外,呈九十度弓形触地,身体要自然挺直,背、胸、腰、腹不可弯曲。(新手不建议坐姿演奏萨克斯管不利于掌握气息)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaoyIu0S6Cy4mg5pjsBlRif"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3.含笛头的角度,要以自然呼气和笛头风口的气流方向为依据,因气流方向略向下斜,而笛头和脖管自然要与气流的方向相一致,略往下倾斜为最佳角度,大约为四十五度左右。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcne0KcUSoEmo0o5RlTYWfbyW"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4.演奏当中手指、腕部、臂部要松弛,左右手要自然弯曲,指关节要略为隆起,不可平直而蹋落关节,运指时要有节奏感,用力不宜过大。动作不宜僵硬,手指抬的不宜过高。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuWEimoa66ukegwSf8LMPT5"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5.左手拇指扶按在T键上,并且控制八度泛音键,小指控制11(降B)9(升C)8(升G);右手指托住乐器下方靠近身体部分的托钩,小拇指控制1(C)2(降 E),左右手食指、中指、无名指分别放在I、Ⅱ、Ⅲ键上。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuka4QIYmKosayEjiKWKMTU"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6.用嘴控制笛头,挂带控制萨克斯的重量, 左右手控制萨克斯的平衡,使之演奏呈现出最佳姿态。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnO0uKY0aqMsEsw9HWFRD7zf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"音调u0026简谱","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwQyoI4Q2UUY046BPVq6xif"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一、降B调高音萨克斯管,又俗称直管萨克斯。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqw2m82I4kyq8gReeozh2kf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"二、降E调中音萨克斯管,这是应用较为广泛的一种,一般学生初学萨克斯管时多选择这种音域适中且相对易于演奏的乐器。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncwaeqa0g2Mw8MpM2jzhEPh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"三、降B调次中音萨克斯管。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQQIS0kiwES2S0GX3vK6NYf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"四、降E调上低音萨克斯管,它的体积较大,一般应用于重奏与合奏中。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn24gIMUI8womSC0lAmgbtVh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"用女儿情来解释简谱的符号","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnea2cGQUIu6w0WsBJ8sekAg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":618,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"音调u0026简谱","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/1b69614ef1044c6881b20c0b12dc110e","width":404},"text":"","id":"doxcnw4ac2gqcY2sig3YqxBb1eY"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"简谱中的调与调号","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncAyS22WeYgkcO3Iackierb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1=F,表示这首曲子是F调的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkwYUi6U2Umq0sW4LB2uP19"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"简谱里常使用各种不同的调。调由两部分组成,即主音的高度与调式类别。简谱中,调号是用以确定1(do)音的音高位置的符号,其形式为1=( )(现在普遍都用“1”来作为调号的基准音),用作调号的音是调式主音,“1=F”就意味着这首乐曲是F调的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnS08muk2eMogM0YicrSc2Bd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"简谱中的拍子和拍号","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6wCCw0wW8ygqaeGtRCABVh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4/4,是表示这首曲子是44拍。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIcOUyaugMy8keqdC3rnMFf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"将旋律的强拍与弱拍用固定音值进行强弱循环,有规律地组合,称为拍子。拍号一般标记在调号的后边。拍子分为单拍子与复拍子两种。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaYQ66coSoKmcc1sobLITef"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"每小节的每一拍由一个完整音符即单纯音符组成的拍子,称为单拍子;每小节的每一拍由一个附点音符或与其等值的音符组成的拍子,称为复拍子。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUYEEogmMi8UmSi5e4hJvIg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"音符的长短","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnauWEs4YUecOa8uzROt9g0b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在简谱中,1、2、3、4、5、6、7这七个基本音符,不仅仅表示音的高低大小,还表示时值长短的基本单位,称为四分音符,其他音符均是在四分音符的基础上通过加记短横线"-"和附点"·"表示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkKwcU8ocwY2SW2VzOXLakf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"单纯音符","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnme2uM6wUocWEGg70zaalcg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果音符时值的长短用短横线" -"表示,就称为单纯音符。单纯音符除四分音符外,在基本音符右侧加记一条短横线,表示增长一个四分音符的时值。这类加记在音符右侧、使音符时值增长的短横线,称为增时线。增时线越多,音符的时值越长。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2kYqiuSEsacQCOarhIvqdc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":261,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"音调u0026简谱","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7c64a14cc4c24670b63acbec79f81171","width":478},"text":"","id":"doxcnoewcWSyYQSS8uuB9TRuq8g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在基本音符下方加记一条短横线,表示缩短原音符时值的一半。这类加记在音符下方、使音符时值缩短的短横线,称为减时线。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmSyekmOGuqMYu6cGpDdK1e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"减时线越多,音符的时值越短。单纯音符的名称以全音符为标准而定。如:全音符的二分之一称为二分音符,全音符的四分之一称为四分音符,其余类推。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQuOYOYKMucKA4ctWH1hYAd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"附点音符","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAs6EuWsEkK86WUcG0jZdIb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"附点就是记在音符右边的小圆点,表示增加前面音符时值的一半, 带附点的音符叫附点音符。简单点说,就是这个音要多唱半拍。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6WYeIuSCC0sSVWeVwsDRuF"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"比如“鸳鸯双栖蝶双飞”中,本来“双”只需要唱一秒,因为有了附点音符所以要唱1.5秒的延长音,本来要唱2秒,现在要唱3秒。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnA8Keomsou8aaUR6AjgOHsf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"音高","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4AMI0eC6qKCKhsG0VSlWwW"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在音符的上方加一个圆点(叫做高音点)表示高一个八度,在音符下方加一个圆点(叫做低音点)则表示低一个八度。若在上方加两个圆点,即表示高两个八度,在下方亦是如此,依此类推。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnu6Acw6o0QOKKGwRGdkHsJd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":99,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"音调u0026简谱","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/916921f451474d3abdd65f1893c2cf48","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcni8MkSymog2GoaeUMwYF5Kg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"不带点的音符称为“中音”,带高音点的音符称为“高音”,带低音点的音符称为“低音”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCUGgsSE0AS00Q12NwxZFEg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"为了演奏(演唱)的方便,一般将乐曲音域的中音区记成不带点的音符(中音),这样可以减少一些记谱符号,看得更清楚。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmekEeSkqsqy8S6IMzW3AUg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"对应的音区称之为低音区、中音区、高音区。在音符上标点,在演奏乐器或者唱歌的时候找准音的高低。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsCMKE82mu28mmGDaGm8mWf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"延音线","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn28mm2Gcauy2q8SFrJ0gXWb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"音符后面有一根短横线。这个叫做延音线,意思就是唱到这里得拖长音。比如:第一句鸳鸯双栖蝶双飞~(此处用波浪表示延长)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCEa0CqmAGmQwSAvUF3cCOb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"连音线","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyg6cqkMIcKQmeUYVN7fZfc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"两个音符上面有一个弧线叫做连音线,一般是给唱歌看的,表示一个字要对应几个音,中间不断开。意思是说,看到弧线就要将对应的字的读音分解开始唱。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYOqK0eeMiIeueox911BINb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"比如第一句:鸳鸯双栖蝶双飞,“蝶”字上有连音线,蝶的读音大家知道,蝶=d+ie。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaCaWuWKYUyw2CwIsr8aj2c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"所以唱的时候要这么唱:蝶~(拖ie的音)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnssUyIw6i6kgas7TqHPIMKf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"休止符","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncwMcEEW0eoiKkdhGtux0Zg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在简谱中表示音乐的休止(停顿)的符号称为休止符。简谱的休止符用O来表示。吹奏乐器的时候,看到休止符,就可以停止吹奏,然后等下一段节奏再吹奏。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngggAkGw2c6uYgRyAUZxWwf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"休止符时值的长短与音符的时值基本相同,只是不用增时线,而用更多的O来代替,每增加一个O,表示增加一个相当于一个四分休止符的停顿时间,O越多,停顿的时间越长。在休止符下方加记不同数目的减时线,停顿的时间按比例缩短。常用休止符的写法、休止时值如下:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncIUCkI2Uw8Ck9sF8t9yGyp"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":105,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"音调u0026简谱","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0054bae3df644980bfb001345fc4def0","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcnWayMMaakIGg6kLuUMyGXne"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"小节线与终止线","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsIaiOoEicIWG4Rp2azP8Hf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在强拍面前,用来划分节拍单位的垂直线叫小节线。用来表示全曲结束的两条小节线,右边略粗于左边的一条叫终止线。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkUomYEoqEkIIWmY4N1Fnid"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"速度","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2aOGYCu0i00IIHuCEqLewc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"有两种,一种是文字表示的,如“快速”、“中速”、“慢速”等等。一种是直接告诉你的。比如《女儿情》调号下面的表示为每一分钟唱70个4分音符。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0MMCeC0uWKqUAxHMxCANEh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"以上就是学简谱时都会学到的基础知识,相信大家对简谱有了更清晰的认识。当然这些知识只是乐理的入门部分,在学习过程中还会接触到更详细的学习内容,如果大家在这方面想了解到更多内容或者有疑问的地方都可以给老师留言,会一一帮大家解答的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnU0KUKomWUAygLlHDVA6qj4"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":212,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"音调u0026简谱","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0b7f887b53294480bde68947b7298a76","width":1064},"text":"","id":"doxcnuW8qy2gk0YcGaUhmrPV7Gh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"指法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniaQw46U8I2Sogtg5LB0Mih"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"手指的按法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYeikySCigmAcInaT2hRuBf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"好比手中握着球,稍微弯曲,各手指不要伸的直直的,要有弯弯的感觉。按键时手指不要离开,可能的话轻轻摸着键。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcng4GoMYYMkAKkq8C1ARkNLh"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":287,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"指法","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/215e669d7d46444e8b830752f5bf8352","width":718},"text":"","id":"doxcnGKEouGqQ2AO0sLeymkytke"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":793,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"指法","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj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","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUqWwEEKO08I4mEZU3WSR4I"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":361,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"《茉莉花》","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/95d61a35813e47e282342da61781b910","width":893},"text":"","id":"doxcn8SwOuAK8KsQec5aiBCcQbg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"《暗香》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnw4O20s6QYWS8uM2Y1khQBc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOaQMeOUeO2wuiMEBXPNexb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":698,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"《暗香》","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/998a88cf0c2244e388ef4bdf9a981e42","width":778},"text":"","id":"doxcnEWEKuKO6WkGcyZ8YlBWWsb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"《血色浪漫》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncQMS6soEea88kvMlY9OA9g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"此曲注意每个乐句的气流控制,掌握好正确的吸气方法。在演奏时略带喉音,乐句尾音稍带滑间,还需掌握好超高音的演奏。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYMsWocW4AUMcccHkHNmGRj"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":723,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"《血色浪漫》","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/216177fb3d5a423ab28e01bb9bd82f64","width":497},"text":"","id":"doxcnKkwUQQOeEqKsJJXZHnjHuP"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"《天空之城》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKg44mOomWukyqQnABkWNCe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"用萨克斯演奏的《天空之城》带着一种天然的恬静,让人们陶醉其中,心里便有了一份宁静,和恩雅的音乐一样,能够洗涤内心的躁动,收获一份久违的静谧,不再为了一些琐事闹心。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCsAG2GCm08UqKq1qJs9sqc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":685,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"《天空之城》","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8e9278f8de83470e98a52804dcefe30a","width":563},"text":"","id":"doxcnw46mukaCQW04OQThVrWa8f"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"保养","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnk8AeS26UyIaAHSngYaVQob"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"保持干燥","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSagugGc8eUiWie8LNtFZDe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"每次吹奏完后总会有一些水份留在管内,不及时清理会腐蚀管体。在潮湿多雨的地区保持乐器干燥尤为重要。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4ss8goQ2QiMmeNWgcJ9Thb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"乐器使用完毕后,应取下弯脖,把管体内的水分倒出来,用柔软吸水的布简单擦拭下喇叭口处的水分,然后放在通风处15-20分钟,让其自然晾干。用过的清洁布不要直接和乐器放在一起,防止潮气滞留二次腐蚀乐器;通布条和口水棒也不建议使用,通布条来回擦,容易对皮垫的密封性造成很大的影响,漏气了或者卡在萨克斯里边就难办了","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGw0YYAuqWmw4EjCW66Yi9b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"口水棒是不吸水的材质,口水有碱性,用它等于用碱2次腐蚀管体加速氧化,也不建议使用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaOwEmsC4y2mekLyQtqkfDd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"保持清洁","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWyMssO68QUMM6VyDk0Fpxc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"萨克斯管结构复杂,音孔和音键多达数十个,不定期清洁容易在键轴、键杆和弹簧等部位积攒灰尘和污垢,会严重影响乐器机械性能的发挥,给演奏带来困难。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEUekK0IueSysA581uynR7f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"吹奏完乐器后,应用清洁布擦拭管体表面的指纹和汗迹,否则容易侵蚀管体,加快萨克斯表面的氧化;使用萨克斯时间长了,键柱之间和键杆下面如果有浮尘,可用0.5寸左右的小毛刷轻轻打扫或者可以用卫生棉棒来小心清理。建议1-2周一次即可。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMq8MCosCkuyMCKGqgy7Byb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"哨片保养","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYAYcmkqEAIg6OKLx8kwgEb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"吹奏完毕后,哨片用后要取下,擦去水分,放入哨片夹内,妥善保管。短时休息时,一定要套上笛头帽。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkwuGw6iMYwu24hrKfbKPTh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"笛头保养","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniWE2Kmk8Scy6grRkMFdEMf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"笛头每次用完后用水冲洗干净,再用软布擦干即可,也可直接擦干净。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnS8aWGCqGi22YEYy2JxRvjb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"键垫保养","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn62yWGOCWsSGsAlDLaLTZzf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"吹奏完毕后键垫有潮湿的情况出现,会硬化减少使用寿命;可用吸水纸夹在键垫与音孔之间。手按键子,将水分吸干,保持各部分的干燥,一定不要让纸屑留在音口上以免造成漏气现象。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqQCOUQAaCgoiwf09JDZ92d"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"按键灵活","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoGmKO0WmEOuc8RuP1fCiLe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"萨克斯管音调的变化主要依靠音键和音孔的变化来实现,因此尤其音键应具备高度的灵活性。所以应定期滴专用键油以增强它的灵活性并防止锈死。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUkcU86wgeO0wohkHl756nh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"每隔2个月在萨克斯各键连杆处注入萨克斯润滑油,不要太多,防止键油流到管体上导致漆面提早氧化,滴完后活动几下键子使油充分渗入,用软布把表面多余的油擦干净即可。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnow6sOs4kO6y4yaCxJx01Ke"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"乐器上固定各键连杆的各个螺丝,要进行经常性的检查,如有松动将其拧紧。由于萨克斯的泛音孔很小,较易堵塞,所以要定期清理。根据个人使用情况1-2年要到萨克斯维护中心做一次保养;如果萨克斯长时间未用,开始用的时候,需要做一次检查以及保养。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwM08yWoyiU2u8xu7sXlFed"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"手应该拿在萨克斯没有按键的部分,比如喇叭口或者上侧弯脖接口处,或者手拿指托处,一定要牢靠、稳妥;并且乐器放回箱包后,一定记得拉上箱包拉链,避免不小心乐器的滑出造成不必要的磕碰。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSCWImeg2kwEs4esu37RTBc"}]%3C%2Fhowto_content%3Eky2000tl科源
双导电地暖的分类及优缺点
1 年前
地暖,其正式名称为地面辐射供暖。原理是将温度不高于65℃的热水或电阻发热体,暗埋在混凝土下的盘管或电阻发热体加热整个地面,通过地面均匀地向室内辐射散热的一种采暖方式。
“地暖”最早起源于公元前60年代古罗马时期,以火地和火墙的形式出现。同类型是的有我国北方的火炕,以及明朝时候故宫把烟道埋在地下来加热地面,增加室内温度。这便是早期的地暖雏形。
现代地暖源于上个世纪初,巴克利于1907年在英国申请了地面辐射供暖的专利,奠定了地暖的基础。早期的地暖采用金属管道,将其埋入地下。当时的地暖管主要用铜管和镀锌管,铜管的成本太高,连接难度大;镀锌易腐蚀,运输不方便,安装步骤繁杂。而后随着塑料工业的发展,铝塑管、塑料管、发热体、碳素发热材料的出现,成为了更好的盘管更替品。
我国早期地暖由韩国传入的,最早兴于我国东北的延边朝鲜族自治州,它在北欧和北美等国家早已被广泛使用。2000年止,韩国约有85%的住宅建筑安装了地暖系统,加拿大为65%、瑞士为48%、德国为51%。随着我国社会的进步和发展,人民生活水平的日益提高,住宅产业化的迅猛发展,地暖使用者也日益剧增。
目前,地暖大体上可以归为两个分类:
一、水地暖——将加热后的热水引入地下盘管带动地面温度上升;
1、主设备
通常有热源设备、采暖主管道、分集水器、温控系统、地面结构层等。大户型房屋还配有采暖循环水泵、恒温混水阀等。 辅材辅料有:保温板、反射膜、地暖卡钉、钢丝网、边界保温条、不锈钢软管、球阀、弯头、直接等。
2、热源设备
热源设备包括壁挂炉、空气源热泵、地源热泵、太阳能集热器等设备。采暖壁挂炉最常见的是燃气式壁挂炉。随着科技的进步,世界综合制造水平的不断提升,市场上出现了更加节能环保的产品,如空气源热泵、地源热泵、太阳能与燃气壁挂炉联动装置等。
3、主管道
主管是进户主管道与分水器连接的部分,一般采用铝塑复合管;在户型较小的地暖系统中,主管用量很少,走向也很简单。但在别墅或复式这些比较大的地暖系统中,主管用量很多,需要专业的设计师来设计主管的走向,而且主管安装要求也比较严格。
4、分集水器
包括分、集水干管、排气泄水装置、支路阀门和连接配件等。它相当于地暖系统的心脏,整个地暖系统的热水靠分集水器把它均匀的分配到每个支路里,在地暖管内循环后汇集到一起,在水泵水力的作用下然后再分配。
5、地盘管
用于辐射采暖的热水与地面冷热交换,地暖系统寿命取决于地暖管材的选择,地暖管材的寿命一般都是50年。按材质的不同,可以划分为PE-RT管、PEX管、铝塑复合管等。
6、温控器
精确检测室内温度,把测量的温度信号传至温控器内部与我们用户设定温度进行对比,直至室内温度自动调整至我们设定的理想温度。常见的有液晶屏幕温控器,新型的有无线可编程温控器。可实现定时或多时段编程功能。
7、地暖辅材
一般包括挤塑板、边界保温条、反射膜、卡钉、保温套管、弯管器、铝箔胶带、伸缩缝等。
优点:舒适、有生活热水,省掉热水器。
缺点:升温慢、占层高、采暖季不能关闭、需要维护、主机设备有一定的噪音。
二、电地暖——铺设在地下的电阻发热体在通电后发热带动地面温度上升。
发热电缆 暖铂金 电热膜
电地暖工作原理:发热体通电后,导体工作温度控制在65℃以下,通过地面作为散热面,以辐射的方式向地面以上传递,使其表面温度升高,达到提高及保持室温的目的。
电地暖构成:发热体、温控器,地面辅材。
优点:舒适、无需维护、各个房间可单独控制或关闭、节约能源;无噪音,无污染、耗能低、不占层高。
缺点:不能覆盖厚地毯等阻热物、对电容量有一定的要求。
电地暖根据施工方式又分为两类:湿铺和干铺
湿铺
常用的湿铺是发热电缆。电缆做完后需要回填水泥层。水泥层凝固后可铺地砖、大理石或地板。
ky2000 仪表说明书
1. 额温枪对准额头的距离一般需5-10cm;
2. 在测量体温前,若是充电或装电池,应在处理好后放置5-10分钟再进行使用;
3. 若是需要换环境测量,应放置5-10分钟后继续测量;
4. 不要在风口或门口等风速比较大的地方测量;
5. 避免在辐射干扰下测量;
6. 化妆品和肤色可能会感染额温枪测量精度;
7. 注意保护红外额温枪的探头防护镜片;
8. 注意不要浸水或阳光直接暴晒;
9. 碰撞或重摔可能会导致额温枪损坏,注意轻拿轻放。